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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies 6.5 Lack of interseasonal heat storage knowledge in the UK For interseasonal heat storage, developments in the UK are far behind those advancements made in other northern and central European countries. This creates uncertainty and as such there are a number of specific issues that should be addressed in a domestic context. Providing additional research and clarity around these would provide better confidence in novel TES technologies and support the economic evaluation of potential projects. Table 25 – Review of key interseasonal storage gaps Key Gaps Discussion of gap Utilisation of large scale and interseasonal TES There is a lack of experience in utilising large scale, interseasonal PTES / BTES / ATES for commercial and district heating applications in the UK. Therefore there remains significant uncertainty with regards to system suitability and how they would perform in the UK, which could potentially be addressed through pilot schemes. 6.6 Uncertainty around carbon savings Interest in TES is high because of the role it could play in transitions to a low- and zero-carbon energy system (see chapter 3). TES may have an important role as an enabler of low-carbon technologies, particularly renewable heat, electricity and CHP. However, at present, the existence of thermal storage capacity can increase carbon emissions. This is because all storage systems have losses, and these losses are effectively wasted fuel or wasted electricity (both still predominantly fossil-derived).46 Understanding the carbon impacts of TES is therefore not at all simple. At a whole- system level it would require complex system-modelling to justify any statements about a unit of TES (a kWh or kW) equating to a quantity of saved carbon47. The carbon content of the TES itself is in all cases relatively low, as the storage material (whether water, rock or advanced PCMs or thermochemical materials) does not require excessive energy to produce and the containers do not use rare materials or energy intensive production methods. 46 Note that this is equally true for any form of energy storage (i.e. also electricity storage in any form). 47 Examples of such complex system modelling are for example provided by Imperial College (Imperial College, 2015). See: http://wwwf.imperial.ac.uk/business- school/research/management/management-research/projects-and-centres/energy-storage-for-low- carbon-grids/ 77PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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