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A few main operational factors can be varied to improve the performance of the thermal storage unit and its storage capacity. These factors are related to properties of the HTF, namely, the HTF inlet temperature and HTF flow rate. Most of the experimental studies proved that increasing the HTF inlet temperature results in reduced melting times at varying degrees (Korti & Tlemsani, 2016; Dinker et al., 2016; Tayssir et al.; 2016; Zhang et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2017). An increased temperature difference between HTF and PCM gives rise to a higher heat transfer rate. Yet, there is a limit in the reduction of charging times as discussed by Yang et al. (2017). They pointed out that increasing the inlet HTF temperature from 72°C to 77°C did not yield the same reduction in charging speed compared to a case where the inlet HTF temperature was increased from 67°C to 72°C. Charging at a low HTF inlet temperature was found to be more uniform throughout the storage, whereas charging at a high temperature induced more uneven dynamic melting (Korti & Tlemsani, 2016, Sundaram et al., 2016). The effect of the volumetric flow rate of HTF on charging and discharging, on the other hand, was found to be subtle (Zhang et al., 2017; Korti & Tlemsani, 2016, Sundaram et al., 2016) and sometimes negligible (Yang et al.,2017). This was because an increase in flow rate only enhances forced convection in the heat exchanger pipe; while an increase in HTF temperature improves the heat transfer among the HTF, heat exchanger and PCM (Yang et al., 2017). Tayssir et al. (2016) also showed the greater influence of the HTF flow rate on charging at high inlet HTF temperatures. The prevailing heat transfer mechanism differs for charging and discharging. From the start of charging until gravity effects take over, conduction is the main means of heat transfer. 8PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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