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(2009) showed that circular fins in a concentric tube storage setup degraded the heat transfer rate during melting. 2.2 Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials The idea of using nanoparticles as enhancers goes back to 1995, when Dr. Choi summarized the potential of nanoparticles in the thermal property enhancement of heat transfer fluids and coined the term “Nanofluid” (Choi & Eastman, 1995). Nanoparticles are referred to particles with a size range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) (Michaelides, 2014). They differ from bulk materials because of their unique electrical, chemical and thermal properties. There are various types of nanoparticles being used as enhancers for PCMs including carbon-based nanoparticles such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon nanowires (CNWs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), graphite and metal and metallic oxide nanoparticles like Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) and Copper Oxide (CuO) (Das et al., 2007). After almost a decade, the novel idea of the addition of nanoparticles for the thermal property enhancement of PCMs was gradually put in place and NEPCMs were devised (Khodadadi & Hosseinizadeh, 2007). Since then, there have been numerous studies incorporating nanoparticles into base PCMs. The main scope is to improve thermal conductivity and analyze other properties including viscosity, latent heat, melting temperature, etc. NEPCM studies have shown promising results in terms of thermal conductivity improvement. Other properties, however, have been degraded to varying extents. For instance, the level of viscosity increase or latent heat capacity reduction with 10PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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