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the presence of nanoparticles in PCMs raises the question of the feasibility of NEPCMs. Therefore, the benefits of utilizing nanoparticles still need to be justified. This section mainly covers the summary of previous studies focusing on the characterization and heat transfer enhancements of paraffin compounds with different nanoparticles. Reviewed papers were mostly chosen based on PCM type, which is paraffin compounds (alkanes). Carbon-based nanofillers (MWCNT, CNT, and GNP) and Al2O3 dispersed paraffin wax were given extra emphasis. Sample preparation techniques and characterization methods of nanocomposites were elaborated. Thermal conductivity enhancement and stability observation constitute the primary focus of the papers reviewed. Furthermore, the details of PCM, nanoparticle type, size and fraction were summarized in Table 2.1. Sample preparation methods, methods and instruments for characterization and stability information, if included in the study, were provided in Table 2.2. Characterization and thermal property of the enhancement of NEPCM As described above, this part of the literature review centers on NEPCMs’ preparation, characterization methods, and thermal property enhancement. The effects of various nanoparticles on the thermal properties of PCMs, specifically thermal conductivity, were scrutinized. NEPCMs can be prepared with several methods, including mechanical and chemical dispersion methods. Mechanical dispersion methods include stirring (shear mixing) and sonication. Stirring helps nanoparticles disperse at a macro scale by spinning a stirring bar in the liquid medium. During sonication, cavitation is generated in the liquid in which micro bubbles form and collapse suddenly, leading to a good dispersion (Branson Ultrasonics 11PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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