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Corporation, 2001). The significant amount of energy provided to the solution may decrease the aspect ratio of the MWCNT and have a detrimental effect on their conductive properties (Sabet et al., 2015). Therefore, it is important to find the optimal sonication energy level and time in the preparation of the NEPCMs. Another widely-used dispersion method is the use of surfactants, which is a chemical method. Surfactants help nanoparticles disperse better by altering the surface energy levels to make them less prone to agglomeration. However, the addition of surfactants can also change the thermal properties of the nanoparticles (Kamalgharibi et al., 2016). The researchers’ choice of dispersion method in their studies varies widely depending on the nanoparticle type and base PCM (Table 2.1). The studies implementing mechanical dispersion usually follow the sequence of stirring (shear mixing) and sonication of nanoparticles at differing durations in liquid-based PCMs (Shaikh et al., 2008; Teng & Yu, 2012; Yu et al., 2013; Fan et al., 2013; Fang et al., 2013; Zeng et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2016; Lokesh et al., 2015). There are exceptions as well where only stirring (Elgafy & Lafdi, 2005; Kim & Drzal, 2009) or sonication (Weinstein et al., 2008; Warzoha & Fleischer, 2014; Jesumathy et al., 2012) is used for the dispersion of nanoparticles. Some researchers also preferred using surfactants such as octadecylamine (Tang et al., 2014), sodium oleate (Fan & Khodadadi, 2011(March); Nabil & Khodadadi, 2013), oleylamine (Wang et al., 2010) along with stirring and sonication for the surface modification of nanoparticles to make them more dispersible in base PCMs. Other stabilization and preparation methods include acid treatment (Zhang et al., 2012; Mehrali et al., 2013; 12PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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