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constantly due to Brownian motion. Nanoparticle aggregation is tracked over time depending on the sedimentation rate. Sample preparation is paramount for good results. Filtration is vitally important to remove dust and artifacts from the solution. In addition, the temperature needs to be stable during a measurement. Otherwise, convection currents in the sample cause non-random movements which prevent accurate size interpretation (Shaw, 2014). Ultra-Violet Absorption Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) is a method similar to DLS that analyses the absorbance or emission of electromagnetic radiation by a particle. The collected data on emission reveal the details of the molecular structure. Depending on the transparency and particle distribution, some of the light passes through the sample. The intensity of the reflected light is measured. This is particularly useful for metallic nanoparticles (gold and silver) (Filipponi et al., 2013). The sample’s transparency is important to obtaining good data. Because of that, dark samples such as the ones containing CNTs (particularly higher concentrations) are not suitable for this method (Ghadimi et al., 2011). Another method that aids in examining the stability of nanoparticles is Zeta Potential measurement. Nanoparticles are electrically charged within the base fluid, which gives rise to attraction or repulsion between particles depending on the charge levels (Angayarkanni et al., 2015(September)). If the zeta potential level is above a certain level (±30mV), there will be a push-back force that keeps particles from aggregating. Lower zeta potential values, either positive or negative, refer to unstable conditions due to a lack of repulsive forces. Therefore, the higher the zeta potential value, the more stable the solution (Das et 17PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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