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The total energy supplied and recovered from the storage unit during charging and discharging was found by calculating the 20-second period of energy inputs/outputs over the charging and discharging time using the formulae as follows; ππ‘ππ‘ππ =ββπ‘ Γ πΜπ»ππΉ Γ πΆπ,π»ππΉ Γ βπ (2) where πΜ π»ππΉ and πΆπ,π»ππΉ stand for the mass flow rate and specific heat of heat transfer fluid. βπ is the temperature difference between inlet and outlet thermocouples. Table 3.1: Properties of PCM and HTF (Ukrainczyk et al., 2010) ππππ kpcm πΆπ,πππ,π πΆπ,πππ,π π»πππ π π π π π π πΜ π»ππΉ πΆπ,π»ππΉ 3.54 kg 0.34W/m K(solid), 0.28W/m K(liquid) 2.6 J/gΒ·K 2.981 J/gΒ·K 160 kJ/kg 18Β°C 51Β°C 70Β°C 0.07-0.00875 kg/s 3.56 J/gΒ·K Design and fabrication of the helical coil heat exchanger thermal energy storage unit An overall shell-and-tube heat exchanger layout was selected for the prototype design. Different concepts for the tube configuration, HTF pattern, and insulation were considered and evaluated (Duan et al., 2016). The final selection of design parameters is summarized here. Paraffin wax was selected as the phase change material. Paraffin wax has an excellent latent heat of fusion, with a desirable operating temperature range (~50 oC) for warm water applications. Single phase of ethylene glycol (EG)-water was selected as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) due to its low cost, availability, and higher safety in handling. For the tank 33PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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