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Charging Charging tests were carried out to investigate the melting behavior and how the phase change evolves inside the storage unit. Figure 3.4 shows the temperature profile of paraffin wax at different locations with an HTF flow rate of 4L/min at a 75°C inlet temperature. The melting behavior was observed through capturing images every half an hour to track the liquid/solid interface (Figure 3.5). At the beginning of charging, it was seen that the melting starts from the proximity of the helical coil as a heat source since the side bottom thermocouple reads higher temperatures than other thermocouples in the center (Figure 3.4). As the melted portion grew, the liquid wax was pushed upward by buoyant force initiating natural convection, which is the dominant heat transfer mechanism onwards (Figure 3.5-B). This behavior explains the phenomenon observed in Figure 3.5-C where a big chunk of mountain-shaped wax was located at the center of the cylinder. In the late stage of the charging process, the abrupt increase in temperature on the top and middle thermocouples in the center was caused by increased heat transfer with natural convection. Meanwhile, the temperature at the bottom increased linearly due to conduction heat transfer. The rate of temperature increase at the top and middle thermocouples slowed after the sudden increase as more energy was supplied from the HTF to the phase change process rather than increasing the temperature at these points. It was evident that a steep temperature increase at the top and middle thermocouples was present once the melting front passed these probe locations and moved downwards over time (Figure 3.5-D-E). This could be attributed to the significantly less energy required to increase the temperature of the PCM as opposed to causing phase change from solid to liquid. The conical-shaped big chunk of wax underwent the phase change process and gradually disappeared (Figure 3.5- 39PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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