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The effect of the HTF volume flow rate The effect of the HTF flow rate on the charging and discharging processes was examined by varying the flow rates for the same inlet HTF temperature. It is seen in Figure 3.8 that increasing the flow rate resulted in the faster melting of the PCM. Faster charging was attributed to the increased forced convection between the HTF and the inner surface of the helical coil, leading to increased heat transfer between the helical coil and PCM (Zhang et al., 2017). This effect was not obvious at the beginning of charging. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 50 100 150 200 Time, min 4 LPM 2 LPM 1 LPM 0.5 LPM Figure 3.8: Temperature profile of the center top thermocouple at different flow rates during charging at 75°C. As the melting started and natural convection took control over melting, the temperature increased more quickly due to the increased heat transfer rate. This effect occurred much earlier at a 4 L/min flow rate, showing that the onset of natural convection is expedited at a high flow rate. The total time to attain a temperature of 69°C for all the thermocouples was also measured to compare the charging times at different flow rates for the same HTF inlet temperature (75°C). It is seen from Figure 3.3 that increasing the flow rate from 0.5 43 Temperature, °CPDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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