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The effect of HTF flow direction Another factor that was investigated during charging and discharging tests were the flow direction of HTF. Previous studies for vertical tube-in-shell configurations showed that upward flow decreases the charging time of the storage due to promoted natural convection effects (Parsazadeh & Duan, 2017). 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 50 100 150 200 Time, min Upward flow, 4 LPM Figure 3.12: Temperature profile of the center bottom thermocouple at different flow directions with 4 LPM during charging at 75°C. The hotter molten region at the bottom rises due to having lower density for the case of upward flow. This effect has been shown to accelerate melting (Ettouney et al., 2004). However, it is clear from Figure 3.12 that for 4 L/min at 75°C, switching the inlet from the bottom to the top did not lead to longer charging times. This was accounted for by the high flow rate of HTF leading to a uniform temperature along the helical coil. Hence, the flow direction either being downward or upward becomes insignificant for the charging time (Figure 3.3). 47 Temperature, °CPDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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