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of current is passed through an infinitely long and very thin line which is buried in a semi- infinite medium. The line source acts as a temperature sensor and a heat dissipater. Depending on the thermal conductivity of the medium, the temperature of the probe increases rapidly or slowly (the lower the thermal conductivity of the medium, the higher the temperature increase). Using this temperature response, the thermal conductivity is determined (Paul et al., 2010). KD2 Pro has three sensors specifically designed for different materials (Fig. 4.3). The KS-1 sensor, which is 6.1 cm in length and 1.3 mm in diameter, can only be used for liquids and insulation materials. Its measurement scale ranges from 0.02 to 2 W/m·K with an accuracy of ±5%. The main issue regarding the thermal conductivity measurement of liquids is the presence of free convection. To address this problem, the sensor should be used in a low power mode with a minimum measurement time, which can be set to a minute. The sensor should also be still during measurement and any kind of vibrations due to ventilation, fans, or movements in the lab should be avoided. In addition, needle alignment plays an important role in measurements. Thus, even a slightly angled needle may lead to an error. A TR-1 sensor is used for granular and porous materials. It has a bigger needle (10-cm long, 2.4-mm diameter). The larger size results in longer heating times to eliminate the contact resistance in granular samples or solid samples with pilot holes. It applies more heat during measurement than the KS-1 sensor. It has a greater range of measurement, from 0.1 to 4 W/m·K with higher uncertainty ±10%. The dual SH-1 is another sensor that measures volumetric capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal diffusivity and thermal 54PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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