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Figure 4.7 revealed that thermal conductivity ranges from 0.15 to 0.16 W/m·K for paraffin wax with different concentrations of MWCNTs in liquid phase. It was seen that samples were highly viscous with mud-like texture as the MWCNTs content increased from 0.5 to 2 wt.%. This could deteriorate the natural convection induced melting. Solid phase measurements exhibited temperature dependency where thermal conductivity peaked at 35°C for all the concentrations possibly due to the solid-solid transition (Wang et al., 2009; Tang et al., 2014). During the transition, the crystal structure changes might have affected how energy is transferred between solid particles (molecular view of heat conduction and thermal conductivity). The highest enhancement was achieved for 2 wt.% MWCNT- paraffin wax by 13% at 35°C (Figure 4.7). Overall, no significant improvement in thermal conductivity was observed with the addition of MWCNTs. In some cases, the presence of MWCNTs deteriorated thermal conductivity, possibly due to highly entangled bundles of nanotubes (Wu et al., 2016). GNPs were expected to increase the paraffin’s thermal conductivity significantly. Hence, initial measurements right after sample preparation within the first hour showed that thermal conductivity increased sharply for all the concentrations. It should be noted that results at 70°C showing a good thermal conductivity enhancement from 0.15 to 0.21 W/m·K were believed to be caused by considerable uncertainty in measurements due to natural convection and particle motion at that high a temperature (Figure 4.8). However, the addition of GNPs to wax increased the thermal conductivity only marginally ranging from 0.16-0.17 W/m K at 60°C. This was because of the sedimentation of the majority of GNPs when thermal equilibrium was reached after a sufficient time. 58PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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