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The peak temperatures of pure paraffin wax for melting and solidification were found to be 54.86 and 53.02 °C, respectively (Table 4.1). This demonstrates an insignificant supercooling of 1.84°C. The presence of nanoparticles seemed to increase the melting Table 4.1: DSC results of NEPCM samples (Tm,peak:peak melting temperature, Ts,peak: peak solidification temperature, ∆T: transition during melting, ∆Hs: enthalpy supercooling, ∆Hm: enthalpy of solid-liquid of solid-liquid transition during solidification). Samples Paraffin wax 0.5 wt.% MWCNT-wax 1 wt.% MWCNT-wax 2 wt.% MWCNT-wax 0.5 wt.% Graphene-wax 1 wt.% Graphene-wax 2 wt.% Graphene-wax 0.5 wt.% Aluminum oxide- wax 1 wt.% Aluminum oxide-wax 2 wt.% Aluminum oxide-wax Tm,peak (°C) 54.86 54.09 52.72 54.77 56.18 56.18 55.88 56.19 56.19 55.33 Ts,peak (°C) ∆T(°C) 53.02 1.84 52.95 1.14 53.1 -0.38 52.15 2.62 52.17 4.01 52.17 4.01 52.44 3.44 53.76 2.43 51.94 4.25 52.4 2.93 ∆Hm (J/g) 124.6085 127.5281 130 120.3365 114.7383 133.8488 115.3103 138.1738 94.29853 117.2595 ∆Hs (J/g) 126.8456 124.7191 127.1875 120.8109 112.2494 134.1877 114.5671 136.1664 93.62517 116.3339 peak temperatures by 1-2°C, except for MWCNT-wax samples, temperature was reduced with the same effect except for the 0.5 wt.% Al2O3-wax sample. The supercooling issue became worse with the addition of nanoparticles reaching up to 4.25°C except for 0.5 and 1 wt.% MWCNT-wax samples. This unusual behavior contradicts the common belief that nanoparticles reduce the supercooling issue by acting as a nucleating agent (Wang et al., 2009; Tang et al., 2014; Wu et al. 2015). Phase change enthalpies were also found to be 124.61 and 126.84 J/g for pure paraffin during melting and freezing curves, respectively. Nanoparticle addition had different 62 while the freezing peakPDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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