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4) Discharging tests that were run at high flow rates resulted in higher recovery efficiency. 5.2 Conclusions for NEPCM Study with Paraffin Wax The second part of this study involved NEPCMs proposed as a solution to improving heat transfer for LHTESS. Several nanoparticles including MWCNTs, GNPs and Al2O3 were dispersed into paraffin wax for the enhancement of thermal properties. Characterization and stability studies were conducted to assess the feasibility of using NEPCM colloids in LHTESS. Some of the main findings from this study can be summarized as follows: 1) It seems that mechanical dispersion methods are not sufficient to achieve the long- term stability of paraffin wax-based NEPCM. Surfactants (sodium oleate and octadecylamine) along with stirring and sonication only maintained the stability of the paraffin wax-based NEPCM for limited time/cycles. These methods did not enhance long-term stability over multiple melting-solidification cycles. 2) The homogeneous and uniform dispersion of nanoparticles could not be maintained after sample preparation. The demonstrated stability problem explains the insignificant improvement in the thermal conductivity of NEPCMs found in the measurements. 3) DSC study of the NEPCMs showed anomalous latent heat capacity results without any trend. However, the presence of nanoparticles did have a negative effect on the supercooling issue. 4) Thermal boundary conditions during melting and solidification have important effects on nanoparticle stability. It was demonstrated that with heating from the 74PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE USING PARAFFIN WAX
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