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e e y e s e d n y g f n Energies 2022, 15, 6347 ferent trend. As seen in the figure, the heat flux of Ei was greater than that of Di, and th difference between the maxima and minima of the heat flux was smaller when the angl was smaller. This also confirms the conclusion that the flow direction changes in the wav channel can enhance the heat transfer. 13 of 15 3.4. The Comprehensive Performance of the Wavy Channel It is well known that heat transfer in the wavy channel is more remarkable than tha 3.4. The Comprehensive Performance of the Wavy Channel in the straight channel, but the frictional loss is also great. When the wavy channel inclin anglIet iinscwreallseksn,otwhenhtehat threaantstfrearnisfernihnatnhcedwwavhyilcehtahneneplreisssmuorreeloresms alrskoabinlecrtheasnes corre that in the straight channel, but the frictional loss is also great. When the wavy channel spondingly. Therefore, it is not comprehensive to evaluate the performance of the hea incline angle increases, the heat transfer is enhanced while the pressure loss also increases exchanger solely as a function of the heat transfer or flow resistance characteristics. In thi correspondingly. Therefore, it is not comprehensive to evaluate the performance of the study, a factor named 𝜁 was adopted from the literature to estimate the comprehensiv heat exchanger solely as a function of the heat transfer or flow resistance characteristics. In performance of the air–water PCHE heat exchanger at different incline angles [27]. this study, a factor named ζ was adopted from the literature to estimate the comprehensive Figure 12 displays the Nusselt number and Fanning friction factor of the hot flui performance of the air–water PCHE heat exchanger at different incline angles [27]. channel versus channel bending angle. It can be seen that the effects of pressure variatio Figure 12 displays the Nusselt number and Fanning friction factor of the hot fluid of hot fluid on Nu and f were similar, and Nu and f all increased with the increase in bend channel versus channel bending angle. It can be seen that the effects of pressure variation of hinogtflaunidgloen.WNuhaendtfhweebrensdiminilgar,aanngdleNiunacnredafseadllifnrcormeas0e°dtwoit1h5t°h,eNinucrienacsreeiansebdensdiignngificantl abnugtlfe.inWcrheanstehdesbleignhdtilnyg, aindgliecainticnrgeatsheadtftrhoemb0entdoi1n5g ,aNnugliencwreaasstehdesmignaifincfaancttloyrbiuntffluencin increased slightly, indicating that the bending angle was the main factor influencing the the heat transfer. When the bending angle increased from 30° to 45°, the rising slope o heat transfer. When the bending angle increased from 30◦ to 45◦, the rising slope of the the Fanning friction factor was greater than that of Nu. The reason is that the flow separa Fanning friction factor was greater than that of Nu. The reason is that the flow separation tion increased with increasing incline angle, resulting in a rapid increase in the resistance increased with increasing incline angle, resulting in a rapid increase in the resistance. The The values of the integrated factor at different angles are listed in Table 5. It can be see values of the integrated factor at different angles are listed in Table 5. It can be seen that the that the heat exchanger exhibited the best performance when the bendin◦ g angle was 15°. heat exchanger exhibited the best performance when the bending angle was 15 . ◦◦ Figurree1122. .NNuuanadndFaFnanninginfagcftoarctofrthoef hthoet flhuoitdfcluhiadnncehla. nnel. Table 5. Comprehensive factor at different angles. Table 5. Comprehensive factor at different angles. Incline Angle P = 0.2499 P = 0.6145 P = 1.51 P = 3.7 P = 3.7 Incline Angle P = 0.2499 P = 0.6145 P = 1.51 15o o 0.750227 15 0.750227 0.75679 0.752774 30o 0.747944 30o o 45 0.270365 0.266512 0.268238 0.446126 0.75679 0.448855 0.445173 0.443299 0.448855 0.445173 0.443299 0.446126 45o 0.270365 0.266512 0.268238 4. Conclusions 0.271713 0.752774 0.747944 0.271713 This work adopted a 3D simulation method to study the feasibility of adopting PCHE in the cooling process of four-stage air compression in the LNG–LAES system. The model was first validated by comparing numerical results with available experimental data; then, the effects of bending angle, air pressure, and hydraulic diameter of the PCHE heat exchanger on the heat transfer and flow resistance were analyzed, and the optimal angle was obtained by comprehensive performance criterion of the wavy channel. The main conclusions are as follows:PDF Image | Thermal–Hydraulic Performance of a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger
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