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The workshop was opened by William Brinkman, Director, DOE Office of Science, and Victor Der, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the DOE Office of Fossil Energy. Three plenary speakers provided additional insight on the challenges of carbon capture: Edward Rubin (Carnegie Mellon Institute), “Challenges and Opportunities for Advanced Carbon Capture,” Abhoyjit Bhown (Electric Power Research Institute), “Status of Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Technologies,” and Rodney Allam (NET Power, LLC), “Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Oxy-Fuel Systems.” The workshop participants also found inspiration from two important observations. First, it was noted that efficient chemical and physical processes are readily found in nature to separate CO2 and O2 in air and liquids, forming the basis of respiration in plants and animals. Second, the participants recognized that recent advances in the design of materials and in chemical processes at the nanoscale have provided surprising new functionalities never before thought possible. Based on all of this background information, the workshop participants evaluated technology bottlenecks in existing carbon capture processes and identified high-priority fundamental research directions for realizing wholly new approaches to reduce carbon emissions efficiently. Three technology panels were formed to assess three major separations methods―Membranes, Liquid Absorption, and Solid Adsorption―and these three areas form the foundation of this report. Each panel prepared a report that outlines the major challenges for each technology area. In addition to the three technology panels, two additional panels were convened that identified issues that were common to all three technology panels. These two crosscut panels focused on new analytical and computational tools that will be needed to support research activities focused on identifying, predicting, and understanding atomic-level and molecular-level processes that are critical for separation technologies. All five panels then identified the most promising fundamental research areas that could result in revolutionary, rather than just incremental, advances in separation. These Priority Research Directions (PRDs) are designed to inspire multidisciplinary teams of scientists and engineers to develop a new understanding of chemical and physical interactions at the interfaces of gases, liquids, and solids that could provide entirely new paradigms for separating CO2, O2, and other gases efficiently and cost effectively. This knowledge will form the basis for designing revolutionary strategies for reducing the emission of CO2 in the future. These strategies will include new materials and new chemical and physical processes that take advantage of molecular-level interactions that can be altered by drivers other than temperature and pressure to isolate and then release CO2 quickly and reversibly. The result will be the design of highly efficient and cost-effective separation systems that will mitigate a serious two-pronged dilemma confronting the world: increased production of CO2 globally as energy demand substantially increases and the concomitant deleterious impacts of climate change. REFERENCE 1. Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. B. Metz, O. R. Davidson, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave, L. A. Meyer, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007. 5PDF Image | 2020 Carbon Capture
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