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Many types of solvents are available to the chemist—polar or nonpolar, aqueous, protic or aprotic, conventional or ionic. Choosing a solvent is often a compromise among the many jobs the solvent must do. But what if the properties of a solvent could be “Switchable” Solvents switched from one type to another? Such a switch could be used, for instance, to facilitate the separation of one compound from another. Such switchable solvents have in fact been demonstrated. As shown in the figure, an organic solvent mixture of an amine (DBU) and an alcohol (ROH) can actually be “switched” to an ionic liquid with completely different physical and chemical properties simply by adding CO2 to the mixture.8,11 Removing the CO2 “switches” the solvent back to its original state. In the example shown, this switch is used to separate another organic compound, decaline, from the solvent—decaline is completely soluble in the unswitched state but insoluble in the switched, ionic liquid state. CO2 switches a solvent between nonionic and ionic states.11 The fact that CO2 is the chemical switch in this example suggests that this system itself may be useful for CO2 separations.12 Even more exciting, though, are the prospects for discovering other solvents and switches designed specifically for CO2 capture or air separation. References 1. T. S. Coffey, “Diet Coke and Mentos: What is really behind this physical reaction?” American Journal of Physics 76(6), 551–557 (2008). 2. A. L. Kohl and R. Nielsen, Gas Purification, 5th ed., Gulf Publishing: Houston, 1997. 3. G. T. Rochelle, “Amine scrubbing for CO2 capture,” Science 325(5948), 1652–1654 (2009). 4. J. Oexmann and A. Kather, “Minimising the regeneration heat duty of post-combustion CO2 capture by wet chemical absorption: The misguided focus on low heat of absorption solvents,” International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 4(1), 36–43 (2010). 5. B. A. Oyenekan and G. T. Rochelle, “Energy performance of stripper configurations for CO2 capture by aqueous amines,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45(8), 2457–2464 (2005). 6. E. D. Bates, R. D. Mayton, I. Ntai, and J. H. Davis, “CO2 capture by a task-specific ionic liquid,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(6), 926–927 (2002). 7. E. Gurkan, J. de la Fuente, E. M. Mindrup, L. E. Ficke, B. F. Goodrich, E. A. Price, W. F. Schneider, and J. F. Brennecke, “Eqimolar CO2 absorption by anion-functionalize ionic liquids,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 2116–2117 (2010). 8. L. Phan, D. Chiu, D. J. Heldebrant, H. Huttenhower, E. John, X. Li, P. Pollet, R. Wang, C. A. Eckert, C. L. Liotta, and P. G. Jessop, “Switchable solvents consisting of 15PDF Image | 2020 Carbon Capture
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