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One major limitation of the existing technology for CO2 capture from process gas is that it uses heat from power plant steam to remove the CO2 from the sorbent. Such a process not only is energy-demanding, reducing the overall efficiency of a power plant, but also exposes the sorbent material to high temperatures over long periods of times, eventually resulting in their decomposition. Novel “swing” mechanisms that use different forms of low-energy inputs have the potential to significantly improve the overall efficiency of CO2 capture. For example, an external stimulus can trigger a conformational change in the framework, thereby modifying the pore size and shape. This in turn lowers the affinity of the framework for the included guest, resulting in guest release. The stimulus input could be electrical, electromagnetic, electromechanical, magnetic, etc. In principle, such a mechanism not only may require less energy but also may be exploited to control the guest selectivity. Novel “Swing” Mechanisms This concept of a new swing mechanism is schematically depicted in the figure, in which a flexible organic-inorganic framework material is shown reversibly changing its conformation in response to an energy stimulus.4 Some of the organic constituents (shown as rods) are functionalized with side arms (shown in purple) acting as molecular gates that can switch between two states: locked and unlocked. In the locked state, the pores are inaccessible to guest (e.g., gas) molecules. Upon application of an external stimulus (in this case, water), the gates open, allowing the guest molecules (shown in red) to access the pores. In this particular system, selective adsorption of CO2 over O2 and N2 is observed. The process can also be run in reverse, in which case the stimulus causes closing of the gates, thereby triggering the release of the guest molecules. Organic constituents (rods) have side arms (purple) that switch open to allow entry to guest molecules (red) when a stimulus is applied. Source: Ref. 4. A flexible organic-inorganic framework material responding to an energy stimulus. 78PDF Image | 2020 Carbon Capture
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