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Development of x-ray nanoprobes at synchrotron sources has potential for providing unprecedented detail on interactions between gases, such as CO2 and O2, and potential hosts. For example, transmission x-ray microscopy (TXM) is a powerful tool for nondestructive in situ imaging with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. This is essentially the same concept used in medical x-rays and CT scanners, which provide doctors with in situ information on the internal “structure” of organs and bone in patients. Using high-resolution zone plate detectors, state-of-the-art instruments can currently provide spatial resolution in the 30–60 nm range. A single 2D radiograph based on x-ray absorption contrast can be collected in a few microseconds at bright synchrotron x-ray sources. When collected over many angles, these 2D images can be reconstructed into 3D x-ray tomographic representations, just like medical CT scans. As high-energy x-rays are highly penetrating, TXM could be adapted for in situ monitoring within complex, changing physical and chemical environments. However, substantial improvements in spatial resolution and imaging speed are required to address many of the challenges in carbon capture science to allow dynamic studies on the nanoscale. These will require coupled innovations in x-ray sources, optics, and detector instrumentation. diamond Sn Viewing the Nanoscale with X-rays Left: Three-dimensional rendering of 200 synchrotron x-ray radiographs showing localized corrosion morphology within an aluminum specimen exposed in situ to a chloride environment. Rendering shows heat-affected zone near weld after 40 hours exposure to 0.6 M NaCl and highlights intergranular corrosion areas (green) and intermetallic particles (blue).1 Right: Synchrotron x-ray microradiograph of tin spheres of varying size compressed between diamond anvils. The sample chamber is composed of beryllium, which allows transmission of x-rays and direct in situ viewing. difference map method (Figure 29) can be used, for example, to probe the time-averaged CO2 locations in solid absorbers such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolite inorganic frameworks (ZIFs). Further developments in sample environment pressure and temperature capabilities are needed to make possible such studies at the environmental conditions found in flue gases. These environments must also be adapted to the special needs of inelastic experiments, in order to understand diffusion rates and concentration profiles of gases in solid media. Additional challenges must be met to harness the power of neutron scattering to understand structure and dynamics in liquids and membranes. For liquids extractants, 10 μm Sn diamond 90PDF Image | 2020 Carbon Capture
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