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260 IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage table 5.9 Compilation of CO2 storage cost estimates for different options. US$/tCO2 stored Option type On or offshore Location Low mid High Comments Nature of midpoint value Saline formation Onshore Australia 0.2 0.5 5.1 Statistics for 20 sitesa Median Saline formation Onshore Europe 1.9 2.8 6.2 Representative rangeb Most likely value Saline formation Onshore USA 0.4 0.5 4.5 Low/base/high cases for USAc Base case for average parameters Saline formation Offshore Australia 0.5 3.4 30.2 Statistics for 34 sitesa Median Saline formation Offshore N. Sea 4.7 7.7 12.0 Representative rangeb Most likely value Depleted oil field Onshore USA 0.5 1.3 4.0 Low/base/high cases for USAc Base case for average parameters Depleted gas field Onshore USA 0.5 2.4 12.2 Low/base/high cases for USAc Base case for average parameters Disused oil or gas field Onshore Europe 1.2 1.7 3.8 Representative rangeb Most likely value Disused oil or gas field Offshore N. Sea 3.8 6.0 8.1 Low/base/high cases for USAc Most likely value Note: The ranges and low, most likely (mid), high values reported in different studies were calculated in different ways. The estimates exclude monitoring costs. a. Figures from Allinson et al., (2003) are statistics for multiple cases from different sites in Australia. Low is the minimum value, most likely is median, high is maximum value of all the cases. The main determinants of storage costs are rate of injection and reservoir characteristics such as permeability, thickness, reservoir depth rather than reservoir type (such as saline aquifer, depleted field, etc.). The reservoir type could be high or low cost depending on these characteristics. The figures are adjusted to exclude compression and transport costs. b. Figures from Hendriks et al., (2002) are described as a representative range of values for storage options 1000-3000 m depth. The full range of costs is acknowledged to be larger than shown. The figures are converted from Euros to US$. c. Bock et al., (2003) define a base case, low- and high-cost cases from analysis of typical reservoirs for US sites. Each case has different depth, reservoir, cost and oil/gas price parameters. The figures are adjusted to exclude compression and transport costs. table 5.10 Investment costs for industry CO2 storage projects. Project Sleipner Snøhvit Country Norway Norway Start 1996 2006 Storage type Aquifer Aquifer Annual CO2 injection rate (MtCO2 yr-1) 1 0.7 Onshore/Offshore Offshore Offshore Number of wells 1 1 Pipeline length (km) 0 160 Capital Investment Costs (US$ million) Capture and Transport 79 143 Compression and dehydration 79 70 Pipeline none 73 Storage 15 48 Drilling and well completion 15 25 Facilities a 12 Other a 11 Total capital investment costs (US$ million) 94 191 Operating Costs (US$ million) Fuel and CO2 tax 7 References Torp and Brown, 2005 Kaarstad, 2002 a No further breakdown figures are available. Subset of a larger system of capital and operating costs for several processes, mostly natural gas and condensate processing.PDF Image | CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE
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