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Chapter 9: Implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage for greenhouse gas inventories and accounting 377 table 9.3 Accounting issues related to Kyoto Mechanisms. mechanism Article in the Kyoto Protocol Principle Requirements in relation to CCS Basic considerations Joint Implementation (JI) Article 6.1 As a general principle, any Annex I party may transfer to or obtain from another Annex I party Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) that shall result from projects that seek to reduce GHG emissions by sources and/or enhance removals by sinks. • Set modalities and procedures to set the project in a transparent manner Important to ensure that credits received from projects in Annex I countries result from emission reductions that are real and additional to what would have happened in the absence of the project i.e. are measured against baselines. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Article 12.2 • Intended to promote sustainable develop-ment in developing countries through the allowance of trade between developed and developing countries. Highly detailed set of modalities and procedures regarding issues such as: • project level versus national level • Overall baseline methodology • Annex I parties shall be able to acquire Emission Trading (ET) Article 17 Allows for trading between developed countries that have targets and assigned amount units (AAUs) allocated to them through the KP, it endorses the basic principle of the use of ET as a mean available to Annex I parties to achieve their emission commitment. • Cap (emission trading) i.e. the maximum amount of allowable emission offsets between Annex I countries; • Trade is based on national Assigned Amounts (AAUs) to individual countries. • Refers to the establishment of a CDM with the objective of assisting Annex I parties to achieve part of their Article 3 KP emission reduction commitments through the implementation of project- based activities generating emission cut/ backs and/or enhanced sink removals. obligations • modelled versus actual amounts of projects implemented in non Annex I countries. • Should provide real, measurable and long-term • Procedures for verification and certifi- cation of ERU. credits • timing of storage and liabilities in the benefits related to the mitigation of climate change, i.e. will be measured against baselines. long term. • Net versus gross accounting (measures in non-Annex I). • The proposed guidelines for ET contain provisions on the amount of AAUs that may be traded between Annex I parties so as to avoid overselling of quotas. It also contains several options that would impose a quantified upper limit on the amount of AAUs that a transferring party could trade. Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from • Asuccessfulcarbontradingsystemmust accurately measure the offsets and credits to assure companies that they will receive the reductions.PDF Image | CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE
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