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386 IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage to be in a supercritical state where it behaves as a gas; indeed under high pressure, the density of the gas can be very large, approaching or even exceeding the density of liquid water (also see Figure AI.2). This is an important aspect of CO2’s behaviour and is particularly relevant for its storage. equation of state for CO2 (e.g., Span and Wagner, 1996). The variation of the density of CO2 as a function of temperature and pressure is shown in Figure AI.2, the variation of vapour pressure of CO2 with temperature in Figure AI.3, and the variation of viscosity with temperature and pressure in Figure AI.4 Further information on viscosity can be found in Fenghour et al. (1998). The pressure-enthalpy chart for CO2 is shown in Figure AI.5. The solubility of CO2 in water is described in Figure AI.6. AI.2.2 Chemical properties of CO2 Some thermodynamic data for CO2 and a few related compounds are given in Table AI.2. Heat is released or absorbed in each of the phase changes across the solid-gas, solid-liquid and liquid-gas boundaries (see Figure AI.1). However, the phase changes from the supercritical condition to liquid or from supercritical to gas do not require or release heat. This property is useful for the design of CO2 compression facilities since, if this can be exploited, it avoids the need to handle the heat associated with the liquid-gas phase change. AI.2.2.1 General AI.2.1.2 Specific physical properties There is a substantial body of scientific information available on the physical properties of CO2. Selected physical properties of CO2 are given in Table AI.1 The phase diagram for CO2 is shown in Figure AI.1 Many authors have investigated the Table AI.1 Physical properties of CO2. In an aqueous solution CO2 forms carbonic acid, which is too unstable to be easily isolated. The solubility of CO2 in water (Figure AI.6) decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing pressure. The solubility of CO2 in Property Value Molecular weight 44.01 Critical temperature 31.1°C Critical pressure 73.9 bar Critical density 467 kg m-3 Triple point temperature -56.5 °C Triple point pressure 5.18 bar Boiling (sublimation) point (1.013 bar) -78.5 °C Gas Phase Gas density (1.013 bar at boiling point) 2.814 kg m-3 Gas density (@ STP) 1.976 kg m-3 Specific volume (@ STP) 0.506 m3 kg-1 Cp (@ STP) 0.0364 kJ (mol-1 K-1) Cv (@ STP) 0.0278 kJ (mol-1 K-1) Cp/Cv (@ STP) 1.308 Viscosity (@ STP) 13.72 μN.s m-2 (or μPa.s) Thermal conductivity (@ STP) 14.65 mW (m K-1) Solubility in water (@ STP) 1.716 vol vol-1 Enthalpy (@ STP) 21.34 kJ mol-1 Entropy (@ STP) 117.2 J mol K-1 Entropy of formation 213.8 J mol K-1 Liquid Phase Vapour pressure (at 20 °C) 58.5 bar Liquid density (at -20 °C and 19.7 bar) 1032 kg m-3 Viscosity (@ STP) 99 μN.s m-2 (or μPa.s) Solid Phase Density of carbon dioxide snow at freezing point 1562 kg m-3 Latent heat of vaporisation (1.013 bar at sublimation point) 571.1 kJ kg-1 Where STP stands for Standard Temperature and Pressure, which is 0°C and 1.013 bar. Sources: Air Liquide gas data table; Kirk-Othmer (1985); NIST (2003).PDF Image | CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE
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