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398 IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage Table AI.12 Direct emissions of non-greenhouse gases from two examples of coal and natural gas plants based on best available control Table AI.13 Direct CO2 emission factors for some examples of carbonaceous fuels. technology, burning specific fuels (Cameron, 2002). Emissions Coal (supercritical PC with best available emission controls) Natural gas (NGCC with SCR) NOx, g GJ−1 4-5 5 SOx, g GJ−1 4.5-5 0.7 Particulates, g GJ−1 2.4-2.8 2 Mercury, mg GJ−1 0.3-0.5 N/A Carbonaceous Fuel Heat Content (HHV) Emission Factor MJ kg−1 a gCO2 MJ−1 a Coal Anthracite 26.2 96.8 Bituminous 27.8 87.3 Sub-bituminous 19.9 90.3 Lignite 14.9 91.6 Biofuel Wood (dry) 20.0 78.4 Natural Gas kJ m−3 37.3 50 Petroleum Fuel MJ m−3 Distillate Fuel Oil (#1, 2 & 4) 38,650 68.6 Residual Fuel Oil (#5 & 6) 41,716 73.9 Kerosene 37,622 67.8 LPG (average for fuel use 25,220 59.1 Motor Gasoline - 69.3 a Reported values converted to SI units (NIES, 2003). References Air Liquide: http://www.airliquide.com/en/business/products/gases/ gasdata/index.asp. Air Products, 2004: Safetygram-18, Carbon Dioxide. http:// www.airproducts.com/Responsibility/EHS/ProductSafety/ ProductSafetyInformation/safetygrams.htm. Bachu, S. 2003: Screening and ranking sedimentary basins for sequestration of CO2 in geological media in response to climate change. Environmental Geology, 44, pp 277−289. Benson, S.M., R. Hepple, J. Apps, C.F. Tsang, and M. Lippmann, 2002: Lessons Learned from Natural and Industrial Analogues for Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Geological Formations. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA, LBNL-51170. Cameron, D.H., 2002: Evaluation of Retrofit Emission Control Options: Final Report. A report prepared by Neill and Gunter Limited, ADA Environmental Solutions, LLC, for Canadian Clean Coal Power Coalition (CCPC), Project No. 40727, Canada, 127 pp. Carpenter, A.M., 1988: Coal Classification. Report prepared for IEA Coal Research, London, UK, IEACR/12, 104 pp. Cooper, E.S., J.W. West, M.E. Jaffe, H.I. Goldberg, J. Kawamura, L.C. McHenry Jr., 1970: The relation between cardiac function and cerebral blood flow in stroke patients. 1. Effect of CO2 Inhalation. Stroke, 1, pp 330−347. Cox, J.D., D.D. Wagman, and V.A. Medvedev, 1989: CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York. Enick, R.M. and S.M. Klara, 1990: CO2 solubility in water and brine under reservoir conditions. Chem. Eng. Comm., 90, pp 23−33. EPA, 2004: Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion. Core Module Guidance in Climate Leaders Greenhouse Gas Inventory Protocol. US Environmental Protection Agency. Available at http:// www.epa.gov/climateleaders/pdf/stationarycombustionguidance. pdf.PDF Image | CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE
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