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Copyright © 2018 Ewan Reid Chapter 2: Literature review _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 7: Comparison of empirical studies about entrepreneuring as emancipation Citation Goss et al. (2011) Mair et al. (2012) Pless & Appel (2012) Scott et al. (2012) Marti et al. (2013) Verduijn & Essers (2013) Jennings et al. (2016) Where published Organization Studies Journal of Business Ethics Journal of Business Ethics Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice Journal of Business Venturing Entrepreneurship & Regional Development Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice Research design Single case study Content and cluster analysis; sample of 200 social entrepreneurial organizations Single case study Single case study Ethnography; interviews, archival sources Deconstruction of “life stories” and discussion around themes; 8 interviews Hypothesis tests (multivariate regression); 163 survey responses; 25 interviews Field setting Social venture supporting ethnic minorities in cases of domestic violence, forced marriage and ‘honour’ based violence Social ventures from the Ahsoka Foundation and the Schawab Foundation India: Gram Vikas (an NGO) South Africa: Avon Bariloche, Argentina Netherlands: women ethnic minority entrepreneurs Alberta, Canada: SME owner-managers (men and women) Operationalization of emancipation constructs Emancipatory potential is “an outcome of organized processes (interaction rituals) involving constraint and agency” (p. 212). Entrenched power relationships can be a constraint to be overcome. Entrepreneurial agency (breaking free of the power of another) unfolds over time through social situations. Emancipation is “the transformative ambition that characterize[s] social entrepreneurship” (p. 353). Entrepreneuring can “contribute to implementing social change ... at the individual level, community level and ultimately societal level” (p. 404). Thus social entrepreneurship can be emancipating, “breaking the vicious circle of poverty” (p. 389), and “creating democratic, self- governing management systems” (p. 389). Emancipation can be both a motivation and an outcome for women entrepreneurs in Africa. Entrepreneurship can be a means for women to escape or mitigate patriarchal domination, reduce impoverishment, and increase empowerment. Emancipation is part of a broad conception of entrepreneuring which departs from traditional views of opportunity exploration and exploitation and organizational emergence. Emancipation is a theme within dominant discourse about entrepreneurship; the dominant discourse is subject to challenge and critique by deconstruction. “Behavioural emancipation”: 3 sets of quantitative indicators of extent to which operating models depart from established corporate practices. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18PDF Image | Carbon Removal
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