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Chapter 2: Literature review 42 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In summary, all three core elements of the Rindova et al. (2009) emancipatory perspective on entrepreneuring appear to have abundant connections to the various ideas and themes prominent in the management literature on business ecosystems, especially for technology entrepreneurs. Nonetheless, these conceptual connections were previously unacknowledged in either literature, and have not been studied empirically. 2.3.4 Ecosystems constraints The previous three subsections have examined the ways in which business ecosystems can be enablers of the three core elements of the emancipation perspective on entrepreneuring. However, the various collaborative aspects inherent in business ecosystems could alternatively be perceived as constraining by some entrepreneurs. Iansiti & Levien (2004) asserted that stand alone strategies do not work if operating in the context of a business ecosystem. Gawer (2014) stated that “design decisions on technological interfaces, as well as governance decisions, can be expected to have an effect on the platform agents’ incentives to collaborate, to innovate, and/or to compete” (p. 1246). Adner (2017) claimed that partners “need to interact in order for a focal value proposition to materialize” (p. 40). Value dominator and physical dominator strategies that could be effective at imposing control within markets and hierarchies, respectively, are ineffective within business ecosystems (Iansiti & Levien, 2004). For an entrepreneur seeking exclusive control, free from all external pressures, the requirement to collaborate and perhaps compromise may be anathema. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 2018 Ewan ReidPDF Image | Carbon Removal
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