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the DAC process is cheaper than previously believed. If correct, the company’s estimates, along with Global Thermostat’s, should shift expectations that DAC can become economical in the foreseeable future. Before Carbon Engineering’s article, a 2011 study from the American Physical Society was the main source for the price of DAC, saying that the cost would be near the $600 per ton range level, concluding that it is “not currently an economically viable approach to mitigating climate change.”10 But that estimate was inaccurate, the researchers now admit. Despite the optimism surrounding the $100 per ton cost, companies currently still face unfavorable economics, as the National Academies of Sciences noted.11 NAS, though, said that with federal investment of $180-$240 million per year, the price would fall below $100 per ton within the next two decades.12 Combining Renewable Energy With DAC Besides its high costs, another criticism of DAC stems from its intense energy use. DAC plants must use low- or zero-carbon energy in order to counteract CO2 benefits. The negative emission potential of DAC increases when facilities use renewable energy for power, making DAC a more viable long term option to combat climate change. With the falling price of renewables (see Figure 4 below), the business case of utilizing solar, industrial waste or renewable heat becomes more attractive for DAC facilities. “The availability of cheap renewable energy provides an opportunity to implement negative emissions that were previously considered uneconomic,” said a group of researchers writing in Carbon Brief.13 “DAC, for example, can provide some of the flexibility that is needed for system integration of renewables.” Figure 4. Annual Decline of Solar Prices, Increase in Installations 10 “Direct Air Capture of CO2 with Chemicals.” American Physical Society. June 1, 2011. https://www.aps.org/policy/reports/assessments/upload/dac2011.pdf 11 “Technologies That Remove Carbon Dioxide From Air and Sequester It Need to Play a Large Role in Mitigating Climate Change, Says New Report; Some of These Technologies Can Be Deployed Now, But Additional Ones Are Needed to Meet Climate Goals.” The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. October 24, 2018. http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=25259 12 “Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda.” National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25259/negative-emissions-technologies-and-reliable- sequestration-a-research-agenda 13Wohland, Jan, et al. “Combining renewables with direct air capture for ‘net negative’ emissions.” CarbonBrief. July 11, 2018. https://www.carbonbrief.org/combining-renewables-with-direct-air-capture-for-net-negative-emissions 12PDF Image | Carbon Removal Final Report
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