Carbon Utilization

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Carbon Utilization ( carbon-utilization )

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APPENDIX B: SURVEY QUESTIONS ON CARBON UTILIZATION POLICY 1. To what extent have you benefited from federal R&D funding, either directly or indirectly? 2. The lack of a coherent government strategy on CO2U research and development has been cited as a barrier to the development of this industry. Some advocates recommend that the R&D budget for CO2U technologies focus on geologic applications with potentially large volumes, such as enhanced oil recovery or enhanced coal bed methane. Other experts have suggested that a portion of the R&D budget for CO2U technologies be reserved for long-shot technologies with high CO2 abatement potential. How do you think the R&D budget for CO2U technologies should be prioritized? 3. Increasing access to hydrogen and sources of carbon-free electricity would facilitate development of CO2U technologies. How could Federal and state governments incentivize: a) the production of hydrogen using excess renewable energy and b) the availability of carbon-free electricity for use in CO2U applications? 4. International ASTM standards determine the specifications of building materials and other products. How could Federal or state policymakers help accelerate the updating of these standards to include products made from captured carbon? 5. Procurement policies can be used by national and state governments to create markets for advanced technologies. If Congress or state governments created procurement policies focused on increasing the use of materials made from captured carbon, what considerations should policymakers be aware of in designing the policies? 6. State and local governments are responsible for creating and updating building codes. In their financial support for state and local infrastructure, should the Federal government offer performance-based incentives for jurisdictions that have updated their building codes to prioritize using materials made from captured carbon? 7. In recent years, companies have responded to consumer demand by “green labeling” products with a smaller environmental footprint. How could the Federal government facilitate “green labeling” of fuels made from captured carbon? 8. While there are a variety of options to re-use captured carbon, some of them are geographically specific, such as algae which is more viable in coastal areas. How could the Federal government best incentivize transportation of captured carbon through pipelines or trucks to areas where it can be re-used? 9. Large sources of manmade CO2, such as from power plants, are often subject to environmental regulations and permits that do not allow for the diversion of CO2 to CO2U developers. How could Congress help provide certainty for power plant operators who would be open to partnering with CO2U developers to invest in CO2U solutions and test them on-site? 10. Similarly, the useful life of large sources of manmade CO2, such as from power plants, are often as long as 30-40 years while technology startups may not remain in business a similar duration and CO2U investors may require a positive ROI within 10 years. How could the Federal government develop public-private partnerships to help bridge the gap? CARBON UTILIZATION—A VITAL AND EFFECTIVE PATHWAY FOR DECARBONIZATION 29

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