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CO2 Plants Absorb Less Carbon Dioxide Than Models Show While global plant growth has increased slightly during the past 30 years, UM researchers found it hasn’t increased as much as some scientists predicted. Former UM doctoral student Bill Smith and Professors Cory Cleveland, Ashley Ballantyne and Steve Running studied the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide from human emissions and a corresponding growth in plant life, and they compared their results with existing models. The study was published in the journal Nature Climate Change. Carbon dioxide enhances plant growth, and plants absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. The researchers compared measurements of plant productivity estimated by models with those measured by satellites. They concluded that current models unrealistically overpredict the ability of plants to offset growing greenhouse gas emissions, suggesting that the Earth’s capacity to take up future carbon dioxide emissions may be less than previously thought. “Current Earth-system models assume that global plant growth will provide the tremendous benefit of offsetting a significant portion of humanity’s CO2 emissions, thus buying us much-needed time to curb emissions,” Smith says. “Unfortunately, our observation-based estimates of global vegetation growth indicate that plant growth may not buy us as much time as expected, [so] action to curb emissions is all the more urgent.” The authors identify two important factors that could drive the divergence between satellite-based results and model-based results: availability of water and availability of nutrients. Satellite data indicate warmer climate conditions resulting from rising atmospheric carbon dioxide may increase stress in plant water, counteracting any positive effect of carbon dioxide. Additionally, limited availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the environment could limit the ability of plants to soak up additional carbon dioxide. Laboratory Adds New 3-D Scanner On a recent morning inside UM’s Social Science Research Laboratory, three-dimensional imaging specialist Mary-Margaret Murphy examines a palm-sized pygmy rabbit skull rotating on what looks like a Lazy Susan. “We have the skull in the scanner field of view now,” Murphy says. “And we’re capturing data.” Murphy tracks images of the rabbit skull flashing before her on a computer screen. The red, blue and green pictures generated by SSRL’s new Breuckmann SmartSCAN three-dimensional imaging system provide insight into species morphology and pathology. “It allows scientists to peel back the layers on the ecology,” Murphy explains. With help from a $93,000 National Science Foundation Grant and $40,000 from the UM Office of Research and Creative Scholarship and the College of Humanities and Sciences, SSRL unveiled the imaging system last spring. The scanner’s cutting-edge technology can capture details on bones and artifacts just larger than a human hair. Taking a break from inspecting the skull, Murphy hands a visitor a clear box holding the pygmy rabbit mandible. It’s about as long as the tip of one’s thumb. And – nearly 20 years after the skull was discovered in the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest – its rows of sharp white teeth still look well-equipped to shred sagebrush, one of the pygmy rabbit’s staple foods. The new 3-D imaging system enabled UM anthropology Professor Anna Prentiss to observe a pecked fish image on what appears to be a piece of semi-decomposed slate or siltstone. The piece is approximately 1,150 years old. Murphy’s rabbit scan came at the request of Philip L. Wright Zoological Museum Interim Curator Paul Hendricks, who also asked Murphy to scan a shrew and a vole to gauge how much detail the new scanner can capture on small specimens. Information gleaned today will prove helpful for the Wright museum, which, Hendricks says, will use information from the test run to assess the future viability of scanning and digitizing more pieces from the museum’s collection of more than 24,000 specimens. Hendricks is excited about the prospect of digitizing museum pieces. The ability to upload images such as those captured today means, as Hendricks says, “It just really makes the whole collection more accessible.” UM anthropology Professor Anna Prentiss, the principal investigator on the NSF grant that funded the Breuckmann purchase, is equally excited about the technology’s potential. Prentiss’ lab has for years excavated the Bridge River village in British Columbia. During the course of that project, she’s collected roughly 17,500 artifacts, of which there are thousands of intact tools. “The ability to get digital archive samples puts us in an elite group,” Prentiss says. Vision 2016 4 By Jessica Mayrer Grant Helps People with Disabilities Live Independently UM researchers are developing a state-of- the-art health promotion program to advance the ability of people with disabilities to live independently in their communities through a new five-year, $2.5 million grant from the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research. UM’s Rural Institute’s Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities (RTC:Rural) will increase access to its evidence-based health promotion curriculum, “Living Well with a Disability,” using an online multimedia presentation to increase individuals’ motivation and confidence to learn how to improve their health. For more than 25 years, the center has responded to the needs of people with disabilities by developing new techniques to help them improve their health, employment and participation in community life. During the next five years, this grant will contribute to improving the health of people with disabilities by increasing health promotion opportunities delivered by community-based service agencies. The project team will use a participatory curriculum development procedure that involves people with disabilities from across the United States to ensure relevance and usefulness of the multimedia program. To ensure adoption and use, the center will provide training and technical assistance to community agencies located in both rural and urban areas of the country. QUiCK LooKsPDF Image | Carbon Vision 2016
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