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Stanford (left) and incoming director Jim Elser pose with UM’s Jessie B. research vessel. flathead lake Morton Elrod | 1899-1933 Joseph Severy | 1934-1936 Gordon B. Castle | 1937-1961 Richard Solberg | 1962-1969 John Tibbs | 1970-1979 Jack Stanford | 1980-2016 James Elser | 2016- For Stanford, it all started with stoneflies. As a boy growing up on the Gunnison River and other streams in western Colorado, Stanford regularly fly-fished with his father near their family’s farmland. He would watch the small, narrow-winged insects emerge in dramatic hatches along the shores they frequented. As a fisheries student at Colorado State University, Stanford began researching these peculiar insects, curious about their profound role in the freshwater environment and how they were an ultimate indicator of water quality due to their intolerance to pollution. in 1972, while pursuing his doctorate at the University of Utah, he was sent to northwest Montana to study stoneflies in the Flathead River basin, considered a prime environment for river ecology because of the massive lake and the pristine wilderness lands protecting the region. It was here, in the Flathead Valley working at the Flathead Lake Biological Station, where Stanford made a ground- breaking discovery at the age of 25. Vision 2016 26 He found stoneflies living beneath the alluvial aquifers of the Flathead River, begging the question, how were these species living underground? At the time, rivers were largely viewed as two dimensional and were believed to be only what you could see flowing over the landscape. By chasing the stoneflies beneath the surface and finding them more than a kilometer from the river channel’s edge, Stanford discovered that indeed rivers are three dimensional and existed significantly beyond the visible streams and supported a vast food chain of insects and other microorganisms. in 1974, Stanford published his findings in Science, the prestigious journal detailing the world’s top research. It was a monumental discovery that changed the world of river ecology. It also marked the beginning of a transformative era for the Flathead Lake Biological Station. At the time, the station was a rather minimal site featuring a few rustic cabins and one lab. Stanford was just one of two people who lived year-round at the site. “It was a good place to study. It was quiet and I could work on my stoneflies,” he says. “I’d go every couple weeks up the Middle Fork or North Fork or South Fork to collect stonefly samples.” By the mid- to late-1970s, the field of limnology – the study of inland waters – began to expand, and people’s interest in water-quality issues was spiking. Again, Stanford and his team at the bio station were at the forefront. His team of researchers, including Ellis, began studying the intricacies of clean water environments and how nitrogen and phosphorous from pollutants impacted those vital resources. “We didn’t know much about the lake except that it was extremely clear and that it had a way, way enormous diversity of organisms in it,” Stanford says. It was during that period when Stanford and others began to think about acquiring the funding for a full state-of-the-art research lab that could truly devote the level of insight that a lake like Flathead deserved. Stanford and former director John Tibbs wrote the grant application seeking funding and in 1977 were awarded BioloGical Station directorS James Elser will join a short list of renowned directors who have led the 117-year-old Flathead Lake Biological Station when he takes over for Jack Stanford in the summer of 2016. after 37 years. For almost their entire tenure, Stanford and Ellis lived together year-round at the station, mentoring generations of students and compiling one of the longest continuous water quality databases in the world. Together they have garnered many of the highest international research awards. Their departure marks the end of an era. After an extensive search process, the University announced in July that James Elser, an internationally renowned freshwater ecologist, will succeed Stanford as the new director. Elser plans to hire two new researchers to follow in Ellis’ footsteps as well. “The incredible record that Jack Stanford and Bonnie Ellis have put together over the decades they’ve been here, that’s quite the act to follow. This station is internationally renowned already, and that is an incredible platform to build from,” says Elser, a distinguished scientist and freshwater researcher from Arizona State University and president of the world’s largest water-science society, the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.PDF Image | Carbon Vision 2016
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