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seawater formulations. This is clearly evident by the data in Table 7 which shows that it required 0.47 amps to decrease the pH of the Key West seawater from 7.60 to 5.97. Previous acid titrations used to access the CO2 concentration of the Key West seawater were consistent with the results of this example. An average of 20 mLs of 2.00E-03 M of hydrochloric acid was required to reduce pH in a 20 mL sample of Key West seawater to 6.0. This required 4.05E-05 moles of hydrogen ions. Based on a flow rate of 140 mL/min and the use of Faraday’s constant, 0.000622 mol H+/A-min (equation 22), a current of 0.46 amps will generate 4.05E-05 moles of hydrogen ions. This gives an indication that the current efficiency in the electrolytic cell was approximately 98 % (4.6/4.7). In the sixth test of the series, a new IO formulation (IO-3) was made that had a similar alkalinity concentration as that found in KW. However, the pH was 8.19 compared to the 7.67 measured for KW. Table 8 shows that the amount of current required to reduce the pH of IO-3 from 8.19 to 6.0 was approximately three times higher than that seen in previous test. The flow rate to current ratio was approximately 111 (140 mL min-1 / 1.26 amps), which is lower than the theoretical ratio of 267. The recovery was between 88 and 95 %. The CO2 content in IO-3 was found to be adequate so the low ratio may be associated with the acidification cell not operating long enough to reach equilibrium. Table 8. Test 6: Acidification IX compartment of IO-3 seawater at 140 mL/min using Inert Material in the Time, min Amp/V olt Influent Seawater Flow Rate, mL min-1 Influent DI Flow Rate, mL min-1 Effluent Acidified Seawater pH Effluent DI Cathode pH 15 0.46 / 4.58 30 0.48 / 4.89 45 0.49 / 4.71 60 0.49 / 4.69 75 0.51 / 4.79 90 0.65 / 5.31 105 0.72 / 5.66 120 0.99 / 6.74 135 1.12 / 7.27 150 1.26 / 7.90 165 1.44 / 8.46 180 1.66 / 9.75 195 1.99 / 12.17 225 1.99 / 12.06 255 1.31 / 9.77 6.52 - 6.42 - 6.48 - 6.78 - 140 10 138 9 140 18 138 9 140 9 6.65 139 8 140 18 140 18 140 19 140 19 140 19 140 18 140 18 140 9 140 9 6.48 - 6.36 - 6.24 - 6.10 - 5.94 - 5.78 - 5.57 - 5.14 - 5.03 - 5.86 - A new IO formulation for Test 7 was made in an effort to create a synthetic system that had a similar pH and alkalinity to KW. When IO-4 was used to challenge the acidification cell, the results shown in Table 8 indicate that the amount of current required to reduce the pH to 6.0 was 15PDF Image | CO2 from Seawater
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