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Energies 2021, 14, 387 Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 32 1. CO2 absorption from exhaust gas in an aqueous solution of the solvent in an absorber 2. reactor (low temperatures and high pressures). The mainly post-combustion capture process can be divided into chemical and physi- The mainly post-combustion capture process can be divided into chemical and phys- ical absorption. cal absorption. ical absorption. The chemical absorption processes are the most used technology for post-combustion The chemical absorption processes are the most used technology for post-combustion capture rate is affected by thermodynamic conditions. Generally, two stages are sufficient: 1. CO2 absorption from exhaust gas in an aqueous solution of the solvent in an absorber 1. CO2 absorption from exhaust gas in an aqueous solution of the solvent in an absorber 2. Solvents regeneration to produce a pure CO2 stream in a stripper (high temperatures 2. Solvents regeneration to produce a pure CO2 stream in a stripper (high temperatures reactor (low temperatures and high pressures). reactor (low temperatures and high pressures). Solvents regeneration to produce a pure CO2 stream in a stripper (high temperatures and low pressure). and low pressure). and low pressure). An optimum solvent has a low regeneration energy demand, high capacity to absorb An optimum solvent has a low regeneration energy demand, high capacity to absorb An optimum solvent has a low regeneration energy demand, high capacity to absorb CO2, chemical stability, low volatility and limited solvent make-up. The state-of-the-art in CO , chemical stability, low volatility and limited solvent make-up. The state-of-the-art in CO2, chemical stability, low volatility and limited solvent make-up. The state-of-the-art in solvents is represented by monoethanolamine (MEA), which has acceptably low heat re- solvents is represented by monoethanolamine (MEA), which has acceptably low heat re- solvents is represented by monoethanolamine (MEA), which has acceptably low heat re- quirements for regeneration, little degradation, and small amine losses. Figure 6 illustrates quirements for regeneration, little degradation, and small amine losses. Figure 6 illustrates quirements for regeneration, little degradation, and small amine losses. Figure 6 illustrates the block diagram scheme for the absorption/stripper system for CO2 capture. theblockdiiagrramsscchheemeefoforrthteheabasbosroprtpiotino/nst/risptrpieprpseyrssteymstefomrCfoOr2CcOaptcuarpe.ture. 2 10 of 33 10 of 33 Figure 5. Block flow diagram of power plant with post-combustion CO2 capture technology. Figure 5. Block flow diagram of power plant with post-combustion CO2 capture technology. Figure 5. Block flow diagram of power plant with post-combustion CO2 capture technology. The mainly post-combustion capture process can be divided into chemical and phys- The chemical absorption processes are the most used technology for post-combustion capture. They are typically a blend of aqueous amines but can also include amino acid capture. They are typically a blend of aqueous amines but can also include amino acid capture. They are typically a blend of aqueous amines but can also include amino acid salts, ammonia and ionic liquids, while in the case of solid sorbents they can consist of salts, ammonia and ionic liquids, while in the case of solid sorbents they can consist of salts, ammonia and ionic liquids, while in the case of solid sorbents they can consist of calcium looping and others. calcium looping and others. calcium looping and others. Liquid absorption processes can treat gas streams with high or low pressure, but the Liquid absorption processes can treat gas streams with high or low pressure, but the Liquid absorption processes can treat gas streams with high or low pressure, but the capture rate is affected by thermodynamic conditions. Generally, two stages are sufficient: capture rate is affected by thermodynamic conditions. Generally, two stages are sufficient: Figure 6. Scheme of post-combustion CO2 capture with a chemical absorption process using aque- Figure 6. Scheme of post-combustion CO2 capture with a chemical absorption process using aque- oFuisgmuroen6o.etShcahneomlaemoifnpeo(sMt-EcoAm) sboulsuttiion.CO2 capture with a chemical absorption process using aqueous ous monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. The flue gas rich in CO2 reacts with the MEA in the absorber column producing flue gas lean of CO2 and carbon-rich amine solution at the bottom of the absorber. The rich solvent is pre-heated in the heat exchanger by the lean solvent regenerated in the stripper.PDF Image | Energies 14
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