PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 024
Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 25 of 33 Energies 2021, 14, 387 Also, the mixed matrix membrane is used to upgrade natural gas. Graphene oxide (GO) has been incorporated into the polyethylene oxide matrix (PEO) for sustainable CO2 capture obtaining mechanical properties improvement. Permeability is enhanced by tak- ing advantage of increased fractional free volume. As the GO contents increase from 0 to 1.0%wt,theH,N,andCO (10atm)permeabilitiesincreasefrom27.3,5.84,and280barrer 1.0%wt, the H2, N2, and CO2 (10 atm) permeabilities increase from 27.3, 5.84, and 280 bar- to 47.7, 8.5 and 474 barrer, respectively [63]. rer to 47.7, 8.5 and 474 barrer, respectively [63]. SimultaneousimprovementinCO permeabilityandCO/CH selectivitycanresult Simultaneous improvement in CO2 permeability and CO22/CH4selectivity can result natural gas via membrane technology, more of them with a CO content between 10% natural gas via membrane technology, more of them with a CO2 content between 10% and and 50% into the syngas. Yunhan Chu et al. have performed an HYSYS simulation and a 50% into the syngas. Yunhan Chu et al. have performed an HYSYS simulation and a cost cost evaluation. Assuming that 1002 $/m2 is the carbon-based membrane cost, the use of evaluation. Assuming that 100 $/m is the carbon-based membrane cost, the use of two- two-stage with recycling and a feed syngas with 50% of CO2, the natural gas processing stage with recycling and a feed syngas with 50% of CO2, the natural gas processing cost 2 24 of 32 in dispersing NOTT-300, a new MOF, in the Pebax1657 matrix. Increasing the content in dispersing NOTT-300, a new MOF, in the Pebax1657 matrix. Increasing the content of of BOF CO permeability reached 395 barrer, while CO /N and CO /CH selectivity BOF CO2 pe2rmeability reached 395 barrer, while CO2/N2 a2nd C2O2/CH4 s2electiv4ity reached reached 61 and 36, respectively, at 10 bar [64]. 61 and 36, respectively, at 10 bar [64]. Severalauthorshaveanalysedthetechno-economicfeasibilityofCO removalfrom Several authors have analysed the techno-economic feasibility of CO2 removal from costresultsin0.044$/Nm3ofnaturalgasachieving98%ofCH intheretentateand2%of 34 results in 0.044 $/Nm of natural gas achieving 98% of CH4 in the retentate and 2% of losses losses [65]. [65]. Gilassi et al. have performed a new optimization model to determine the optimum Gilassi et al. have performed a new optimization model to determine the optimum module number while minimizing the cost. The model has revealed that the use of two module number while minimizing the cost. The model has revealed that the use of two membrane units is enough to rich a pure output stream composed up to 98% of methane membrane units is enough to rich a pure output stream composed up to 98% of methane and reduce the methane losses above one percent. The biogas separation cost increases and reduce the methane losses above one percent. The biogas separation cost increases almost linearly with the content of CO2 into the feed syngas. The biogas separation cost almost linearly with the content of CO2 into the feed syngas. The biogas separation cost varies from 0.045 $/Nm3 to 0.09 $/Nm3 of CH4 with 10% and 40% of CO2 contents in the varies from 0.045 $/Nm3 to 0.09 $/Nm3 of CH4 with 10% and 40% of CO2 contents in the feed syngas, respectively [66]. feed syngas, respectively [66]. The syngas produced during the methane extraction and simultaneous carbon dioxide The syngas produced during the methane extraction and simultaneous carbon diox- sequestration from the NGH reservoir might contain 64% of CO2. This value is higher ide sequestration from the NGH reservoir might contain 64% of CO2. This value is higher than that estimated by the authors previously cited. Nevertheless, a two-stage membrane than that estimated by the authors previously cited. Nevertheless, a two-stage membrane separation process to upgrade the methane content until 98% can also be used for this appli- separation process to upgrade the methane content until 98% can also be used for this cation, as shown in Figure 15. As a result, the separation cost can be equal to 0.126 $/Nm3 application, as shown in Figure 15. As a result, the separation cost can be equal to 0.126 with 64% of CO2 from its linearization. Therefore, the CO2 separation cost is 0.036 $/ton of $/Nm3 with 64% of CO2 from its linearization. Therefore, the CO2 separation cost is 0.036 CO2 as evaluated in Equation (10). $/ton of CO2 as evaluated in Equation (10). $y$ C CO2 is the cost to separate the CO in $/ton of CO , C is the biogas separation is the cost to separate the CO2 in $/ton of CO2,2 syngas is the biogas separation 2 $4$ C =C ∗ (10) NmCHy∗ρt CO CO CO Nm ∗ and y are the mole fractions of methane and carbon dioxide in the syngas, 3 cost, y cost, CH4and CO2 are the mole fractions of methane and carbon dioxide in the syngas, respectively, and ρ is the density of carbon dioxide equal to 1.976 ton/Nm of CO . CO2 32 respectively, and is the density of carbon dioxide equal to 1.976 ton/Nm of CO2. CH CO2 syngas 3 =∗ (10) 4222 Figure15.MembraneprocessfornaturalgassweeteningproducedviadepressurisationandCO replacement. 2 Figure 15. Membrane process for natural gas sweetening produced via depressurisation and CO2 replacement.PDF Image | Energies 14
PDF Search Title:
Energies 14Original File Name Searched:
energies-14-00387.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)