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Future Internet 2021, 13, 61 3 of 13 studies of Cloud implementations focus on specific technologies such as containers or serverless computing. We present a view of how these technologies could be used together and the tradeoffs and usage patterns appropriate to each, which are demonstrated in a real and potentially highly used CNA. 2.2. Methodology We conduct our case study by documenting the design, development, and operation of the XPRIZE Data Collaborative. From that documentation, we answer the research ques- tions above. Understanding Data Collaborative requirements means understanding the XPRIZE Contest Lifecycle, which we describe in the next section. We use that information to progressively refine requirements to generate a list of the components that need to be implemented and what properties they need to have. For each component, we examine the possible design space that applies and select the best option. In the Results section of this paper, we look at how well the design and implementation met requirements and then answer our research questions. In the Discussion section that follows, we make additional observations, while in the Conclusion, we describe future work that is contemplated for the Data Collaborative. While the Data Collaborative was developed and deployed within one data center of a Cloud Service Provider, we do not use any Cloud Service Provider specific terminology or code. We discuss our implementation in a generic way. This allows others to replicate our work on any Cloud Service Provider that has the capabilities we mention (more than one does) and to validate or disprove our findings. 2.3. Contest Lifecycle We need to understand the lifecycle of an XPRIZE Foundation contest in order to design an optimal infrastructure for one. Figure 1, provided by the XPRIZE Foundation, shows the typical flow of one of their contests. Figure 1. Typical lifecycle of an XPRIZE Competition. Contests have a definitive start and finish, so apart from the obvious need to assemble the infrastructure necessary for a contest, that infrastructure needs to be maintained and then taken down. Once a competition is designed and funded through partnerships, the recruitment and team assemble phases require teams to register on an XPRIZE portal. During a competition, there are typically a few rounds where progress is judged, and the number of competitors is reduced. A contest could have as many as 5000 teams in the initial round, and there can be simultaneous contests of varying duration and in different stages of their lifecycle at any one time. 2.4. Data Collaborative Detailed Requirements Given the broad requirements in Section 1 and information about the contest/challenge lifecycle, we generate more detailed requirements of what needs to be implemented: 1. A highly scalable, accessible, and elastic infrastructure: A single competition could involve as many as thousands of teams at one time, and as each competition mile- stone is reached, the number could be reduced by one or two orders of magnitude.PDF Image | Future Internet
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