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Vert Asset Management, a US-based ESG fund manager, argues that property owners and tenants have ample scope to profit from energy efficiency retrofits and building improvements, as better buildings command a higher price/rent and, in the case of commercial premises, enhance worker productivity. The investment case for green buildings, they conclude, is straightforward.52 Even some seemingly well-worn sustainability stories, such as lighting retrofits, still have huge potential. According to The Climate Group, lighting accounts for nearly 6% of global CO2 emissions. A global switch to energy efficient light emitting diode (LED) technology could save over 1,400 million tons of CO2. The economic co-benefits are substantial too: Los Angeles, an early adopter of LED street lighting, reduced its energy bills by 63%.53 Combining LED lighting with new business models and/or other emerging technologies, such as smart sensors, has the potential to drive this transformation further and faster. Signify (formerly Philips Lighting) is at the leading edge of this revolution, having developed two new offerings in recent years: • Circular lighting: the company has begun to roll out a “pay-per-lux” business model whereby it retains ownership of the light fittings and customers pay for performance.54 • Connected lighting: integrating sensors into light fittings opens up a whole realm of additional opportunities, from smarter energy usage to monitoring air quality and, even, fighting crime.55 Another area of innovation in the built environment is the use of cross laminated timber. According to the United States Department of Agriculture’s Wood Handbook56, the carbon emitted to produce a ton of framing lumber is roughly eight times less than that emitted to produce a ton of concrete. What’s more, when sustainably sourced, the use of timber as a building material can help sequester carbon: a strong market for timber can help incentivise reforestation (though, clearly, there is a risk that some timber will come from unsustainable sources and will therefore contribute to deforestation).57 That said, we do not envisage the carbon productive cities of the future being entirely built from timber. Innovations in cement, concrete and steel production are critical too – both to reduce the emissions associated with the production of those materials, and, in the case of cement and concrete, to increase the potential for carbon sequestration (see more in Materials section below). Innovation is needed across many other dimensions of city life, from mobility systems to lifestyles. Across each area, the basic story is clear: there is huge potential for cities to evolve into places where people can thrive in a way that boosts Carbon Productivity. 52 Vert Asset Management, Investing for Sustainability: Real Estate, https://bit.ly/2M8XxA7 53 https://www.theclimategroup.org/project/led-scale 54 http://breakthrough.unglobalcompact.org/briefs/philips-intelligent-light/ 55 Computerworld.com, ‘Los Angeles tests gunshot sensors on light poles’, https://bit.ly/2Kicdet 56 USDA, Wood Handbook, https://bit.ly/2LBUwMB 57 http://naturalclimatesolutions.org/ 20PDF Image | Our Carbon Future White Paper
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