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FRONT MATTER 06 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 — Carbon Removal: A Missing Piece of the Climate Solutions Portfolio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 FIGURE 2 — The Case for Carbon Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 FIGURE 3 — The Carbon Budget Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 FIGURE 4 — World on Track to Exceed Carbon Budgets for 2°C....................................19 FIGURE 5 — Carbon Removal: Vital in Case of Carbon Budget Overshoot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 FIGURE 6 — Pathways to 2°C Require GHG Abatement and Carbon Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 FIGURE 7 — Summary of Carbon Removal Approaches by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 8 — Bioenergy + CCS Is A Suite of Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 9 — Bioenergy + CCS Builds Upon Existing Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 10 — Carbon Removal Scale and Cost Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 11 — Technology Maturity Levels of Various CCS Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 12 — Learning Curve for Solar Photovoltaic Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 13 — Carbon Prices too Low to Support Carbon Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 14 — Carbon Removal Funding at a Glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 15 — Percentage of Climate Funds to Carbon Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 16 — Definition 1: “Dedicated” Carbon Removal Funding Breakdown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 17 — “Dedicated” + “Potential” Carbon Removal Funding Breakdown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 18 — Total Carbon Removal Funding Breakdown..........................................49 FIGURE 19 — Funding for “Pathway” Technologies and Their Connection to Carbon Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 GLOSSARY B – billions BECCS – bioenergy with carbon capture and storage °C – degrees Celsius CCS – carbon capture and storage CDR – Carbon dioxide removal CO2 – carbon dioxide EOR – enhanced oil recovery EU – European Union ETS – Emissions Trading Scheme FIT – feed in tariff GHG – greenhouse gas IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ITC – investment tax credit M – millions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NRCS – National Resources Conservation Service NAS – National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine NREL – National Renewable Energy Laboratory PV – Photovoltaic R&D – research and development RD&D – research, development, and demonstration RGGI – Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative t – metric tons U.S. DOE – United States Department of Energy U.S. GAO – United States Government Accountability Office U.S. EPA – United States Environmental Protection Agency W – watt . 25 . 28 . 29 . 33 . 34 . 38 . 39 . 47 . 48 . 48 . 49PDF Image | Philanthropy Final Report
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