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HELP WANTED 40 Governments have also invested very little in research and development (R&D) directly related to carbon removal. A 2010 report from the US Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO) found less than $1 million per year in federal fund- ing available for projects directly related to carbon removal — compared to an overall energy and climate R&D budget of $8 billion per year—with an additional $85 million either related to conven- tional mitigation strategies or fundamental scientific research related to carbon removal.36 This lack of adequate federal R&D support is also seen in the wider CCS field, where funding has consistently been below industry-recommended levels.37 In the past several years, Federal funding related to carbon removal has likely increased slightly. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy released a $3-million funding opportunity open to direct air capture systems,38 and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has conducted a number of research projects around biochar.39 However, no publicly available cross-cutting analysis has been conducted to quantify this funding since the U.S. GAO released its report in 2010. Current industry and policy action for carbon removal is clearly insufficient to address the key uncertainties surrounding solution options. Unless this lack of funding and market support changes quickly, we risk not developing carbon removal solutions as swiftly as needed to curtail climate change. This is where the opportunity for philan- thropies emerges. Current industry and policy action for carbon removal is clearly insufficient for addressing the key uncertainties Pictured: ADM bioenergy + CCS facility Source: U.S. DOE BIOENERGY + CCS IN ACTION The U.S. Department of Energy has given funding to one of the first bioenergy + CCS facilities. The project was developed at an Archer Daniels Midland bioethanol production facility in Decatur, Illinois, USA. At current size, the plant captures around 1,000 tons CO2/day, and is expected to grow to triple that size in the future, capturing and sequestering about one million tons of CO2 per year. The process captures CO2 during the fermentation step of the production of corn-based bioethanol and geologi- cally sequesters CO2 in a saline aquifer thousands of feet underground.PDF Image | Philanthropy Final Report
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