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ABOUT C2NCT TEAM LEADER: Prof. Stuart Licht Team Leader Bio: The C2CNT path started in 1987 with Stuart Licht’s theory and experiment for the efficient use of solar energy to drive simultaneous electrical and chemical production [1] and new room and high temperature electrochemistries to store energy [2]. The C2CNT process is the culmination of 30 years ongoing development of his technical solution to a sustainable future. The process matured to a new theory [3a] & method [3b] of solar energy conversion to enhance of splitting water to fuel by using the full spectrum of sunlight (visible & thermal) and electrochemistry to greatly increase the solar energy conversion to hydrogen fuel efficiency. This led to a variety of new molten salt electrolysis chemistries to produce societal staples such as fertilizer, cement and metals including iron, but without the CO2 emissions normally associated with those processes [4]. In 2009, the theory of solar thermal electrochemical process (STEP) water splitting was extended to carbon dioxide splitting [5a], leading to the experimental demonstration in 2010 of CO2 splitting at > 50% solar energy efficiency [5b], and the subsequent demonstration in molten salts of the direct transformation of CO2 to variety of carbon, plastics precursors, and synthetic methane fuels [5c. Such products made from CO2 are valued at only ~$40 to $400 per ton and therefore give little financial impetus to the removal of this greenhouse gas. Starting In 2012 – 2013 Licht realized that an orders of magnitude more valuable product, carbon nanotubes, could be produced by direct molten carbonate electrolysis of CO2 leading to the new C2CNTprocess, and providing a significant economic imperative to the removal of this anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Today, the team leader is a George Washington University Chemistry Prof. He previously served as a Program Director at the National Science Foundation, and received awards including the Hildebrand Chemical Prize (2016), The BASF Energy Storage Prize in honor of BASF’s 150th anniversary (2015), the Electrochemical Society Energy Award (2006) and the Alcoa Science Prize (1994). 1. Licht, Nature, cover article, 330, 148, 1987; Licht et al, Nature, 326, 863, 1987; Nature, 345, 330, 1990; Nature, 354, 440, 1991. 2. Licht et al, Science, 261, 440, 1991; Science, 285, 1039, 1999; Energy & Environ Chem, 6, 3646, 2013; ACS Central Sci, 2. 162, 2016. 3. a. Licht, EChem Com. 4623, 2002; Licht, J Phys Chem, 4243, 2003. b. Licht et al, Chem Comm, 3006, 2003. 4. Licht et al. Science, , 345, 639, 2014, Chem Comm, 7004; 2010; 2081, 2011; 6019, 2012, 5. a. Licht, J Phys Chem C, 2009. b. Licht et al, J Phys Chem Lett, 2010. c. Licht et al., Adv. Mat., 2011; Adv. Energy Mat., 2015; Adv. Science, 2015; Adv. Mat. Tech., 2016. Team Video (YouTube URL): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVuyJqsEQxw&feature=youtu.be C2CNT IN THE NEWS C2CNT is the Licht group's low energy, low cost electrochemical pathway to transform CO2 to carbon nanotubes. For the first time a very high value product is made at low cost to incentivize the greenhouse gas removal. This chemical process evolved from prior Licht group chemical development of the solar driven molten salt electrolysis of carbon dioxide. Presentation of a comprehensive solution to global warming by the electrolysis of CO2 to a valuable product is delineated in the Tech Information section, as well as in C2CNT Popular & Technical Media C2CNTdescriptions such as: •Licht interview on BBC World Newshour; click on the audio button at "The Bottom of the Barrel?" This will start the Newshour, and slide ahead to the interview between time 18:52 and 23:00.14. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02yxbv0 •description in Science http://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6253/1158.full •description in Forbes http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2015/08/19/science-turns-climate-change-gases-into-planes-better-batteries-much- more/#7b732de4351e •description in MIT Technology Review https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600939/how-carbon-dioxide-from-the-air-can-boost-batteries/ •Press conference at American Chemical Society National Meeting https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQBlpENiFzo •description of C2CNT at phys.org http://phys.org/news/2016-06-power-co2-emissions-carbon-nanotubes.html •Licht C2CNT interview on public television (scitech)now episode 218 at: The introduction, interview & Licht's CO2 capture animation runs from 00:00-00:34 and 13:44-19:22 http://www.scitechnow.org/videos/episode-218/Year three milestone: Global deployment, starting a C2CNT 10 yr plan to lower atmospheric CO2 to < 400 ppm. 4PDF Image | Xprize
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