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ROUND 2 TECHNICAL DETAILS SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND PROCESS OVERVIEW The C2CNT process directly transforms the carbon dioxide greenhouse gas in an electrolyzer chamber into a particularly valuable hollow core form of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) called carbon nanotubes (CNTs) plus oxygen gas. As used in this CCEMC project, C2CNTis utilized to eliminate all emissions from a natural gas (NG) power plant. The electrolyzer’s oxygen gas is looped back into the power plant to increase combustion efficiency. The carbon nanotubes can provide an excellent return on investment as they are inexpensively formed from the hot flue gas, and are valued at up to 1000 fold higher than fuels or other carbon products made from the carbon dioxide. The high value product is useful for a range of applications including as lightweight replacement to the trillion dollar metals market (as well as non-metal construction and packaging materials, batteries and nanoelectronics), provides economic incentive to eliminate the greenhouse gas, and compactly store the CO2 as useful, pure carbon. In particular, the CNTs can address the growing scarcity of the world’s metals offering the world a nearly endless supply of this stronger, lighter, electrically and thermally conductive material. The ongoing consequences of increased levels of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide include species extinction, climate change and famine. Carbon dioxide elimination is incentivized by its transformation into a valuable product. The team is rapidly scaling up the CO2 to carbon nanotube process, and the Round 2 CCEMC project is planned to convert 5 tons (metric)/day of CO2 emissions at an NG gas combined cycle (CC) power plant in Alberta into valuable carbon nanotubes to decrease this greenhouse gas and to ameliorate climate change. CNTs have superior strength, conductivity, flexibility and durability, but were limited by their high reactant & production costs. The team discovered the inexpensive electrolytic transformation of CO2 from flue gas dissolved in molten carbonates into CNTs & O2. O2 improves NG CC power plant efficiency. As an example per ton NG fuel: without C2CNT, plant output: 2.7 ton CO2, $909 electricity & $0 of CNT; with C2CNT, plant output: 0.0 ton CO2, $835 electricity & $225,000 CNT. CO2 elimination is incentivized by its transformation into a valuable product. In the C2CNT process, the carbonate electrolyte is not consumed and the net reaction is CO2 splitting into carbon and O2, as presented here using pure Li2CO3 as the carbonate electrolyte: Dissolution: Electrolysis: Net: CO2(gas) + Li2O(soluble) ® Li2CO3(molten) Li2CO3(molten) ® C(CNT) + Li2O (soluble) + O2(gas) CO2(gas) ® C(CNT) + O2(gas) (1) Note from the net eq 1, that all CO2 gas is transformed carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and that from their respective molecular weights, 1 ton of CNT is formed per 3.7 ton of CO2 consumed. CNTs are stronger than steel, stable and compact providing an ideal means to remove, transform and store CO2 from flue gas. The C2CNT electrolyzer addition to the existing NG CC power plant in Alberta will be built on site, using materials (nickel, steel, lithium carbonate); the CNTs produced from the transformed 5 ton per day of CO2., instead of the CO2 being released as a greenhouse pollutant. The C2CNT electrolyzer addition to the existing coal power plant in Wyoming will be built on site, also using materials (nickel, steel, lithium carbonate); the CNTs produced from the transformed 5 ton per day of CO2. 5PDF Image | Xprize
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