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Desalination Performance Assessment Anion-Exchange Membranes

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Desalination Performance Assessment Anion-Exchange Membranes ( desalination-performance-assessment-anion-exchange-membranes )

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Membranes 2020, 10, 347 6 of 15 40mm 100mm ab Pore size distribution 0.7 bO 0.6 -Foamed fireclay ....... Glass frit -siltep 11 0.001 I 0.5 0:: tlO 0.4 40mm 41.75; 0.82 0.8 0.84; 0.75 15.65; 0.47 10 1 0.1 0.01 Pore Diameter [μm] 150 m C 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1000 100 Figure 4. Comparison of (a) frame with a porous medium installed for “Gen. III” unit and “Gen. IV” unit. In (a), the separator is not included but sits on top of the exposed side of the porous medium instead. In (b), the separator is integrated down at the bottom of the frame. The thickness of the parts is 10 mm both in (a,b). (c) shows frequency curves for the materials used and glass frit used before as a reference. The materials for the porous medium were chosen based on a previous positive experience with refractory ceramics, mainly for its chemical and mechanical stability [21]. The porous medium was shaped into 100 × 50 × 10 mm blocks of refractory ceramics Siltep 11 and foamed fireclay material (supplied by Silike keramika s.r.o., Deˇcˇín, Czech Republic). Siltep 11 is composed of 55% SiO2 and 35% Al2O3 (the rest being other inorganic oxides and organic filler spheres). The foamed fireclay consists of 68% Al2O3 and 28% SiO2, the rest being other inorganic oxides. Typical pore diameters of 15.6 μm and 41.8 m and porosity of 51% and 63% for Siltep 11 and foamed fireclay respectively were estimated using mercury porosimetry (with the help of Unipetrol Centre for Research and Education, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic) (Figure 4c)). Once fitted into the frame and sealed at the interfaces using silicone sealant, a medium was again sandwiched between a pair of ion-exchange Ralex® AMPES (anion-exchange, MEGA a.s., Stráž pod Ralskem, Czech Republic) membranes so that contact between the medium and the membranes was ensured. These membranes, manufactured by Mega a.s. in the 0.9

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