PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 033
general, the osmotic pressure of water is increased 69 kPa per 1000 mg/L TDS (total dissolved solids). Table 4.1. -Atomic diameters of ions normally found in water supplies Species Sodium (Na’) Chloride (Cl-) Calcium (Ca+*) Magnesium (Mg”) Hydrogen Water (H,O) Diameter (A) 0.95 1.81 0.99 0.65 fluoride (HF) 1.73 2.14 Because undissociated molecules are not an integral part of the ionic matrix, they are washed through the membrane with the water molecules. Flux of these components depends on their concentration at the membrane surface. Small polar molecules encounter resistance, but non- polar molecules are not rejected at all unless they are too large to fit through the spaces in the membrane matrix. Some dissolved salts may pass through the membrane, but ionic charges on either side of the membrane must balance. An equivalent charge of anions and cations must pass at the same time. This process is more likely to happen with nanofiltration membranes because they have larger pores than RO membranes. Divalent cations must bring two monovalent anions with them (and vice versa), and so are less likely to pass through nanofiltration membrane pores. Because of this close relationship between feed water composition and membrane performance, specifications are difficult to obtain from manufacturers without a water analysis. Typically, the best results obtainable are the performance records for a test run with a given salt concentration. Tests are usually run with sodium chloride solutions made with reverse osmosis permeate. Therefore, the performance characteristics listed in chapter 10 should be taken as a best case scenario.PDF Image | DESALTING AND WATER TREATMENT MEMBRANE
PDF Search Title:
DESALTING AND WATER TREATMENT MEMBRANEOriginal File Name Searched:
desalting-water-treatment-manual.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)