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1. Calcium Precipitates ates and phosphates, found at the concentrate system) (carbon- generally end of the a moderate increase in AP between feed with Solution and concentrate. Also, a slight decrease in system production. Table 8.8. - Cellulose Foolant acetate blend RO membrane element foulant symptoms. General svmotoms ReSDOnSe A marked decrease in salt rejection and Chemically clean the system 2. Hydrated Oxides (iron, nickel, A rapid decrease in salt rejection and a Chemically copper, etc.) 3. Mixed Colloids (iron, organics, and silicates) 4. Calcium Sulfate (generally found at the concentrate end of the system) rapid increase in AP between feed and with Solution concentrate. Also, a rapid decrease in system production. A slight decrease in salt rejection and a Chemically 1. clean the system 1. clean the system 2. clean the system 2. clean the system 2. For heavy Solution 3. clean the system with either of the solutions, gradual increase in AP between feed and concentrate. Also, a gradual decrease over several weeks in system production. A significant decrease in sail rejection and a slight to moderate increase in AP between feed and concentrate. Also, a slight decrease in system production. with Solution Chemically with Solution 5. Organic Deposits Possible decrease in salt rejection and a Chemically gradual increase in AP between feed with Solution and concentrate. Also, a gradual fouling use decrease in system production. 6. Bacteria Fouling Possible decrease iii-salt rejection and a Chemically marked increase in AP between feed Solution 1 2 Ingredient Citric Acid RO Permeate Sodium Laurel Sulfate or Triton X-l 00 RO Permeate Quantity per 100 clal (379 L) 7.7 kg (17.0 lb) 379 L (100 gal) 1.0 kg (2.2 lb) 380 mL (0.1 gal) 379 L (100 gal) pH Adjustment Adjust to pH 4.0 with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Adjust to pH 10.0 with sulfuric acid (H$Q,J and concentrate. Also, a marked decrease in system production. depending on possible com- pounded fouling. Table 9.9. - Summary of recommended cleaning solutions for Hydranautics cell;lose acetate blend RO membranes. Note: Ensure that the pH in any cleaning solution does not fall below 2.0. Otherwise, damage to the RO membrane elements may occur. particularly at elevated temperatures. The maximum pH should be less than 10.0. Use ammonium hydroxide to raise the pH, or sulfuric or hydrochloric acid to lower it. (From Hydranautics Technical Service Bu//efin JSS 100.00, April 1992) 8.1.7.2 Composite polyamide RO membranes. Composite polyamide membranes are not chlorine tolerant. Cleaning solutions and rinse water must be chlorine-free. CationicPDF Image | DESALTING AND WATER TREATMENT MEMBRANE
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