DESALTING AND WATER TREATMENT MEMBRANE

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DESALTING AND WATER TREATMENT MEMBRANE ( desalting-and-water-treatment-membrane )

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9.!2 Inland Desalination Plants The design of inland desalination plants has to be more sensitive to the disposal of concentrate. If it cannot be discharged locally into brackish surface water, possibilities exist for irrigation, deep well injection, or further concentration of the salts for beneficial use. 9.2.1 Discharge into surface waters. - Depending on its composition, inland desalting concentrates may be discharged into waterways or wetlands leading to the ocean. A NPDES permit is required for all point sources discharging into navigable waters. The discharge must meet the enforceable MCL (maximum contaminant levels) promulgated under the Safe Drinking Water Act if it is disposed of into a protected drinking water supply source as determined by the state (SDWA, 42 U.S.C.A. 5 3OOg). Table 9.1 lists the SDWA regulated contaminants. The MCLG (Maximum Contaminant Level Goals) are recommended, but not enforceable, levels of contamination. Local regulations must also be met. For instance, in Florida, discharges into surface water also must meet requirements for Class III waters that are to be kept suitable for recreation and the propagation and maintenance of fish and wildlife populations. These requirements involve regulations against hydrogen sulfide, low dissolved oxygen levels, sulfide toxicity, low pH, corrosiveness and toxins (Malaxos and Morin, 1990; Colorado State Dept. of Health, personal communication, 1992). The effect of discharge of RO or nanofiltration concentrates on aquatic life depends on the composition of the discharge and that of the receiving body of water. If the waterway is subject to periodic influxes of brackish water from the ocean, aquatic life should experience minimal impact there. In any case, impact studies may be required before a NPDES permit is issued.

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