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Pond Depth 1.0 - 1.3 m v I i 1.0 - 5.4 m e I 0.15 - 0.3 m ‘\ Iw Upper (Dilute Convective Zone Brine) Intermediate Zone (Stable Lower (Thermal Gradient) Convective Zone Storage) Salt Concentration or Density ‘-b Figure 9.2. - Cross section of a solar pond. (From Boegli et al., 1984) The sun’s energy penetrates the upper layers, warming the thermal storage zone just as ii any lake, but the heat cannot circulate and dissipate into the atmosphere as it normall: would. It becomes trapped in the dense lower layer of the pond. The temperature of the storage area becomes as high as 70 to 100 ’ C (160 to 212 “F) within a few months after the salinity gradient is established. Heat in the storage zone may be used as process heat, o: may be converted to electricity with thermal efficiency of up to 15 to 20 percent. Even during the winter when the surface of the pond may be frozen, the storage zone will be hot enougl to generate electricity. (Boegli et al., 1983) The first solar pond in the United States to generate electricity was the Bureau o Reclamation’s El Paso Solar Pond. The El Paso Solar Pond project began as a University o Texas at El Paso research project sponsored by the Bureau of Reclamation and the Bruc’ Foods Corporation, and was later cost shared with the Texas Energy and Natural Resource Advisory Council and the El Paso Electric Company. After some experimentation witi process heat production, the solar pond was tied to the El Paso Electric Company power gri and began producing electricity on September 19, 1986. Figure 9.3 diagrams the process c electricity generation that is used at the El Paso Solar Pond. The hot brine can be circulate to the food processing plant to be used as preheat for boiler feedwater as needed, to a 100-kV organic Rankine cycle power conversion module, or to a multistage flash desalting systen (Reid and Swift, 1987)PDF Image | DESALTING AND WATER TREATMENT MEMBRANE
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