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The SD1 is a measurement of the level of colloids in the feed water. The maximum for spiral wound membranes is 5. Hollow fine fiber membranes require an SD1 of 3 to 4 depending on the brand. Well water usually has an SD1 of 1.0 and does not require pretreatment for colloids. Surface water SD1 ratings range from 10 to 175 (du Pont, 1982). Maximum continuous concentration of oxidants is the concentration while in operation. Higher levels may be allowed for short cleaning cycles. As stated earlier, only cellulosic membranes are oxidant tolerant. Others may be “resistant,” which means that the membrane can survive small amounts of chlorine or ozone in the feed stream, but their useful life will be shortened. Turbidity, in NTU, is a measurement of light scattering by colloids and other various suspended particles. Source water turbidity can range from 1 for very clear water to several thousands for pond water. The maximum NTD allowed with RO membranes is 1.0. Over that level, fouling of the membrane will probably be a problem. 10.1.14 Cleaning Parameters. - These columns give the minimum and maximum cleaning pH and oxidant concentration. Cleaning parameters are generally less restrictive than the operating parameters because they are for short periods of time and the cleaning solution is flushed out with RO permeate after the cycle is completed. 10.1.15 Vital Statistics for Vessels. - Elements per vessel, or pressure tube, and maximum recovery per vessel refer to statistics for the largest size vessel or pressure tube available from the manufacturer under standard operating conditions. Not all companies supply this information because they will build whatever size pressure tube is needed. 10.1.16 Membrane Flux Coefficients. - The membrane flux coefficients ‘A,” for water transport in lo-’ m/s*kPa, and “B”, for salt transport in 10” m/s, are calculated from the following: l Temperature in degrees Kelvin T = Operating Temp. “C + 273.15 l C+, solute concentration l C,,, solute concentration of feed (moles/m3): c, = NaCl mg/L*lOOO L/m3 58,440 mg/mole of product (moles/m31: cp = cf* 1 - Ave. Cl - rejection 100PDF Image | DESALTING AND WATER TREATMENT MEMBRANE
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