PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 028
become more pronounced and cause a deviation from the linear trend. A much lower slope characterises region II, which can be regarded as a transition step following the achievement of the limiting current, conventionally identified by the intersection between the line tangent at the first tract of the current-voltage curve and the tangent of the plateau (or at the inflection point) in region II. Then, the slope increases again towards region III until reaching an asymptotic value leading to a stable linear increase of current vs voltage. I II III ilim Voltage drop due to concentration polarization Voltage Figure 7. Sketch of a typical current-voltage curve for an IEM immersed in an electrolyte solution, showing a limiting current density and the presence of three distinct regions. The behaviour of IEMs in current-voltage tests has been explained by the effects of the conductive heterogeneity of the membrane surface [138, 207, 208, 211–216], which can be viewed as a mosaic of alternating conductive and insulating regions of size ranging from micrometers to tens of micrometers. Therefore, for any given average current density, the local current density on the conductive areas is larger. This results in a decrease in the average value of ilim compared to a membrane having an electrically homogeneous surface, or to a metal plate electrode. Hence, region II of the current-voltage chart is due to a gradual achievement of the local ilim in the non-conductive regions, at the cost of a much larger voltage drop. Another effect of the conductive heterogeneity is the alteration (elongation or shortening, depending on the distance between the surface heterogeneities) of the plateau length, i.e. of the onset of the overlimiting transport phenomena, namely electroconvection, associated to the generation of a non-uniform electric field with tangential components. Also geometrical heterogeneities of the membrane surface affect current-voltage curve features such as the ilim value, the plateau length and the amount of overlimiting transport through electroconvection. Profiled membranes may enhance the mass transfer rate by the increase in the membrane active area, the promotion of fluid mixing and the increase of electroconvective mixing due to larger tangential components of driving force [217]. More recent studies [173, 217–219] have 28 Current densityPDF Image | Electrodialysis for water desalination
PDF Search Title:
Electrodialysis for water desalinationOriginal File Name Searched:
Review_ED-self-archived.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |