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∆𝑉 Voltage drop over a cell pair (V) 𝑥 Coordinate in the direction of the main flow 𝑦 Coordinate normal to the membrane surface 𝑧 Valence of ion Greek letters 𝛼 Permselectivity 𝛾 Activity coefficient 𝛿 Diffusion boundary layer thickness (m) 𝜀 Dielectric constant (F/m) 𝜁 Current utilisation factor (or current efficiency) 𝜂 Voltage drop (V) 𝜃 Polarization coefficient 𝜅 Conductivity (S/m) 𝜆 Equivalent conductivity (Sm2/mol) 𝜎 Porosity 𝜏 Time (s) 𝜑 Electric potential (V) 𝜒 Pump efficiency Subscripts and superscripts 𝐴𝐸𝑀 Anion-exchange membrane 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘 Solution bulk 𝐶 Concentrate 𝐶𝐸𝑀 Cation-exchange membrane 𝐶𝑂𝑃 Concentration Overpotential 𝑐𝑜 Co-ion 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 Counter-ion 𝐷 Dilute 𝐷𝐵𝐿 Diffusion boundary layer 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 Diffusive 𝐷𝑜𝑛 Donnan 82PDF Image | Electrodialysis for water desalination
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