Electrodialytic Processes

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Electrodialytic Processes ( electrodialytic-processes )

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Membranes 2020, 10, 221 Membranes 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 72 8 of 73 a) Ion concentration CEM Concentrate solution Ion concentration MEC Concentrate solution AEM I- δ1 C A T H O D E I+ δ2 δ1 δ2 Diluate solution ... Diluate solution ... 2 H2O ... H2O Concentrate solution b) MEA I- MEA c) Ion concentration MEC Concentrate H+ solution + I+ OH- CH+ C A T H O D E I+ JJ == ii J= Jii = FF COH- CH+ COH- Sol NNbtbt d d Sol iII Sol i (7(7)) The flux of the ionic species crossing the membrane as expressed by the Faraday’s law and as a MMemembb Nbt dI MeMmebmbNbtii dI OH- + H+ Concentrate solution I- Concentrate solution A N O D E A N O D E C A T H O D E A N O D E Figure 5. Steps in concentration polarization phenomenon at membrane interface during Figure 5. Steps in concentration polarization phenomenon at membrane interface during electrodialysis: electrodialysis: (a) formation of concentration gradients, (b) reaching the limiting current density and, (a) formation of concentration gradients, (b) reaching the limiting current density and, (c) overpassing (c) overpassing the limiting current density and irreversible water dissociation. CEM: cation-exchange the limiting current density and irreversible water dissociation. CEM: cation-exchange membrane; membrane; AEM: anion-exchange membrane; δ1: diluate boundary layer; δ2: concentrate boundar+y AEM: anion-exchange membrane; δ1: diluate boundary layer; δ2: concentrate boundary layer; CH : +−− layer; CH+: concentration in H+ and COH−: concentration in OH− (Adapted from Bazinet [22]). concentration in H and COH : concentration in OH (Adapted from Bazinet [22]). Since the solution entering the ED cell ffllows in a turbulent regime, the ionic concentration in the solution can, consequently,,beconsiiderreedasshomogeneeouss..Theflfluxof an ionic species in the solution under the effffect of the electric fifielld iis tthen equall tto:: Sol FF The flux of the ionic species crossing the membrane as expressed by the Faraday’s law and as a (8(8)) function of its ion transport number is given by the following equation: function of its ion transport number is given by the following equation:

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