Electrodialytic Processes

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Electrodialytic Processes ( electrodialytic-processes )

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Membranes 2020, 10, 221 57 of 72 16. Masson, C.; Urban, M. L’urbanisation en Chine Continentale; Service Économique régional de Pékin, Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires Étrangères: Beijing, China, 2014; p. 3. 17. United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs: New York, NY, USA, 2018. 18. Bai, X.; Shi, P.; Liu, Y. Society: Realizing China’s urban dream. Nat. News 2014, 509, 158. [CrossRef] 19. Mafart, P.; Beliard, E. Induatrial Food Engineering, Chap 2; Lavoisier: London, UK, 2004. 20. Vasil’eva, V.I.; Shaposhnik, V.A.; Grigorchuk, O.V.; Petrunya, I.P. The membrane–solution interface under high-performance current regimes of electrodialysis by means of laser interferometry. Desalination 2006, 192, 408–414. [CrossRef] 21. Nikonenko, V.V.; Pismenskaya, N.D.; Belova, E.I.; Sistat, P.; Huguet, P.; Pourcelly, G.; Larchet, C. Intensive current transfer in membrane systems: Modelling, mechanisms and application in electrodialysis. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010, 160, 101–123. [CrossRef] 22. Bazinet, L. Electrodialytic phenomena and their applications in the dairy industry: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2005, 45, 307–326. [CrossRef] 23. Brun, J.-P. Electrodialyse. In Procédés de Séparation par Membranes: Transport, Techniques Membranaires, Applications; Masson: Paris, France, 1989; ISBN 2-225-81573-9. 24. Korngold, E. Electrodialysis—Membranes and mass transport. In Synthetic Membrane Processes; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1984; pp. 191–220. 25. Kressman, T.R.E.; Tye, F.L. The effect of current density on the transport of ions through ion-selective membranes. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1956, 21, 185–192. [CrossRef] 26. Frilette, V.J. Preparation and characterization of bipolar ion exchange membranes. J. Phys. Chem. 1956, 60, 435–439. [CrossRef] 27. Gavish, B.; Lifson, S. Membrane polarisation at high current densities. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. Phys. Chem. Condens. Phases 1979, 75, 463–472. [CrossRef] 28. Forgacs, C.; Leibovitz, J.; O’Brien, R.N.; Spiegler, K.S. Interferometric study of concentration profiles in solutions near membrane surfaces. Electrochim. Acta 1975, 20, 555–563. [CrossRef] 29. Cooke, B.A. Concentration polarization in electrodialysis—I. The electrometric measurement of interfacial concentration. Electrochim. Acta 1961, 3, 307–317. [CrossRef] 30. Krol, J.J.; Wessling, M.; Strathmann, H. Concentration polarization with monopolar ion exchange membranes: Current–voltage curves and water dissociation. J. Membr. Sci. 1999, 162, 145–154. [CrossRef] 31. Kononov, Y.A.; Vrevskii, B.M. Role of water dissociation products in electric current transfer through ionite membranes. J. Appl. Chem. USSR 1971, 44, 929–932. 32. Rubinstein, I.; Warshawsky, A.; Schechtman, L.; Kedem, O. Elimination of acid-base generation (‘water-splitting’) in electrodialysis. Desalination 1984, 51, 55–60. [CrossRef] 33. Pismenskaya, N.D.; Nikonenko, V.V.; Melnik, N.A.; Shevtsova, K.A.; Belova, E.I.; Pourcelly, G.; Cot, D.; Dammak, L.; Larchet, C. Evolution with Time of Hydrophobicity and Microrelief of a Cation-Exchange Membrane Surface and Its Impact on Overlimiting Mass Transfer. J. Phys. Chem. B 2012, 116, 2145–2161. [CrossRef] 34. Kressman, T.R.E.; Tye, F.L. pH changes at anion selective membranes under realistic flow conditions. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1969, 116, 25. [CrossRef] 35. Simons, R. Strong electric field effects on proton transfer between membrane-bound amines and water. Nature 1979, 280, 824–826. [CrossRef] 36. Simons, R. Electric field effects on proton transfer between ionizable groups and water in ion exchange membranes. Electrochim. Acta 1984, 29, 151–158. [CrossRef] 37. Zabolotskii, V.I.; Shel’deshov, N.V.; Gnusin, N.P. Dissociation of water molecules in systems with ion-exchange membranes. Russ. Chem. Rev. 1988, 57, 801. [CrossRef] 38. Sakashita, M.; Fujita, S.; Sato, N. Current-voltage characteristics and oxide formation of bipolar PbSO4 precipitate membranes. J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 1983, 154, 273–280. [CrossRef] 39. Lee, H.-J.; Moon, S.-H.; Tsai, S.-P. Effects of pulsed electric fields on membrane fouling in electrodialysis of NaCl solution containing humate. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2002, 27, 89–95. [CrossRef] 40. Berezina, N.P.; Kononenko, N.A.; Dyomina, O.A.; Gnusin, N.P. Characterization of ion-exchange membrane materials: Properties vs. structure. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2008, 139, 3–28. [CrossRef]

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