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March 2013 Emerging Technologies Overview In 2008, there were 14,780 municipal wastewater treatment plants operating in the United States. These plants ranged in size from a few hundred gallons per day (GPD) to more than 1440 million gallons per day (MGD). Early efforts in water pollution control began in the late 1800s with construction of facilities to prevent human waste from reaching drinking water supplies. Since the passage of the 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act [CWA]), municipal wastewater treatment facilities have been designed and built or upgraded to abate an ever-increasing volume and diversity of pollutants. With few exceptions, the CWA requires that municipal wastewater treatment plant discharges meet a minimum of secondary treatment. However, in 2008, nearly 37 percent of the municipal facilities produced and discharged effluent at higher levels of treatment than the minimum federal standards for secondary treatment. In many cases, this is due to more stringent water quality based requirements. This document updates the original 2008 publication “Emerging Technologies for Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management” EPA 832-R-06-006 and provides information on four of the five categories of development regarding emerging wastewater treatment and in-plant wet weather management technologies. Information in the form of technology fact sheets on established technologies is not included. The five categories are: 1. Research – Technologies in the development stage and/or have been tested at a laboratory or bench scale only. 2. Emerging – Technologies that have been tested at a pilot or demonstration scale, or have been implemented at full scale in 3 or fewer installations or for less than 1 year. 3. Innovative – Technologies that have been implemented at full scale for less than five years, or have some degree of initial use (i.e., implemented in more than three but less than 1 percent [150] of US treatment facilities). 4. Established – Technologies that have been used at more than 1 percent (150) of US treatment facilities or have been available and widely implemented for more than five years. (Note: Fact sheets for established technologies are outside the scope of this document and, therefore not included.) 5. Adaptive Use – Some wastewater treatment processes have been established for years, but their use has not been static. In some cases, an established technology may have been modified or adapted resulting in an emerging technology. In other cases, a process that was developed to achieve one treatment objective is now being applied in different ways or to achieve additional treatment objectives. During the operation of treatment systems using these established technologies, engineers, and operators have altered and improved their efficiency and performance. This document includes established technologies that have undergone recent modifications or are used in new applications. Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management O-1PDF Image | Emerging Tech for Wastewater Treatment
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