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March 2013 Nutrient Removal Ammonia Recovery Objective: Removal and recovery of ammonia nitrogen. Description: Emerging Technologies Technology Summary State of Development: Emerging. prepared 2012 Ammonia recovery from high-concentration sludge liquors such as centrate streams can be accomplished by vacuum distillation or by stripping with air or steam coupled with ammonia adsorption into sulfuric acid to produce ammonium sulfate. The Ammonia Recovery Process (ARP) has achieved ammonia removal from a centrate stream at approximately 1,000 mg/L ammonia –N to less than 100 mg/L ammonia –N (Orentlichter, 2009), but it works well over a range of concentrations. The ammonia is recovered as ammonium sulfate solution that might be a marketable product. Because stripping ammonia requires that it be in the form of free ammonia rather than ammonium ion, the centrate pH and temperature are elevated. Typical municipal design is for pH 9.5 at a temperature of 140 °F, although other combinations of temperature and pH can achieve the similarly high free ammonia fraction required for effective stripping (see the graph below based on equilibrium and thermodynamic constants from Snoeyink and Jenkins, 1980). This requires addition of sodium hydroxide (caustic) or other base and heating of the centrate above the typical inlet range of 90 to 105 °F. To improve stripping efficiency, the ARP system lowers the pressure over the water to a vacuum of 26 to 29 inches in a batch operation lasting approximately 10 minutes (Orenlichter, 2009). This releases the dissolved ammonia gas from solution to be entrained in sulfuric acid, which generates the ammonium sulfate solution product. If desired, the solution produced can be further concentrated using multiple stages of vacuum distillation. According to pilot-scale results with centrate and landfill leachate at various concentrations, the process is first order with respect to ammonia concentration so it can be expected to provide 90% removal over a wide range of influent ammonia concentrations (Orenlichter, 2009). Graph of free ammonia fraction as a function of temperature and pH Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management 2-29PDF Image | Emerging Tech for Wastewater Treatment
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